| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
05373nam a22001577a 4500 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
610 |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Fahim, Maria |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Assessment of Stress Biomarkers in the Saliva of Smokers and Nonsmokers via UV Photospectrometry and POMS / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Maria Fahim |
| 264 ## - PRODUCTION, PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, MANUFACTURE, AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE |
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| Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture |
Islamabad : |
| Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer |
SMME- NUST; |
| Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice |
2022. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
99p. |
| Other physical details |
Soft Copy |
| Dimensions |
30cm |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
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| General note |
Smoking is one of the major health catastrophes. Smoking is believed to be<br/>the major cause of chronic diseases like Cardiovascular complications, stroke,<br/>pregnancy issues, respiratory failure, etc. There are three important transdiagnostic<br/>emotional factors that make the population vulnerable to initiation of smoking i.e.<br/>anhedonia anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance. Research studies for the past five<br/>decades have proven the adverse effect of stress on brain physiology and<br/>functioning. The human body responds to trauma (physical or non-physical stress) in<br/>a definite manner. This response of the body can be qualitatively and quantitatively<br/>monitored through several chemicals in the bloodstream, saliva, or urine; responding<br/>to the stress, called stress biomarkers i.e. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cortisol,<br/>cytokines etc. Saliva delivers an efficient specimen for various diagnostic procedures<br/>due to the presence of different biological products and secondary metabolites of<br/>xenobiotics and helps in determining the disease progressions as well as therapy<br/>outcomes depending on the variations in the markers/triggers. The nature of mindset<br/>and mood states are evaluated by a scales designed to rate the behavior of an<br/>individual towards the environmental stimuli that may be physical or psychological<br/>in nature. This psychological rating scale is known as the profile of mood state<br/>(POMS). This scale was initially originated by McNair, Droppleman, and Lorr in<br/>1971. This scale is presented in the form a questionnaire including different<br/>questions regarding the mode and feelings of a subject.This research work aims to<br/>further elucidate the utilization of UV Photospectrometry for quantitatively assessing<br/>POMS and its relation to the stress biomarker.<br/>The samples were collected form the vicinity of the university campus H-12<br/>Islamabad. The samples were processed and stored at the biomedical laboratory of<br/>School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), NUST. A total of<br/>twenty-four (24) male subjects were analyzed. A total of two groups were<br/>considered. Group 1 included the non-smoking participants, while group 2 included<br/>smoking participants. Simple spitting technique was used for the collection of<br/>unstimulated saliva. About 4 ml unstimulated saliva was collected in the sterile<br/>falcon tube. Saliva was temporarily stored in cool boxes at 4°C and immediately<br/>II<br/>shifted to the facility. Centrifugation of the salivary sample was done at 4°C for 5<br/>minutes and 10,000 rpm. Saliva sample was frozen at -80°C until sample collection<br/>span was completed.<br/>The mood state of the participants was also evaluated using the profile of<br/>mood state technique used initially by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman in 1971. The<br/>total mood disturbance (TMD) score was calculated that ranges from -32 to 200. The<br/>questionnaire was accessed from ―Mackenzie, B. (2001) Profile of Mood States<br/>(POMS) [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/poms.htm [Accessed<br/>26/6/2022]‖. Simulated neural networking (SNN) was applied to the collected data<br/>from smokers and non-smokers for accuracy scoring. The required statistical<br/>analysis was performed and the data was statistically analyzed through a software<br/>―GraphPad Prism 8.0‖ and the respective graphs were plotted.<br/>UV spectrophotometry studies provided peak plasma concentration peaks at<br/>the lower UV range of 190 to 210 nm, but with no significant difference,<br/>representing the presence of biological stress markers. The profile of mood state<br/>evaluation studies concluded that the smoking participants were presented with a<br/>significantly higher level of individual mood profile scores i.e. anger (****,<br/>P<0.0001), confusion (**, P<0.0014), fatigue (*, P<0.0354), tension (*, P<0.0422)<br/>and stress as compared to nonsmoking participants. The vigorous score was<br/>significantly high in the nonsmoking individuals (****, P<0.0001). Similarly, total<br/>mood disturbance score was also significantly high in the smoking participants. The<br/>application of artificial neural networking through artificial machine learning scored<br/>the accuracy of the results 84% which is a reliable outcome.<br/>The current research work concludes that different stress stimuli including<br/>physiological stress and psychological stress tends to initiate/increase the smoking<br/>behavior among the community. Likewise, it is also concluded that smoking<br/>initiation may not be always triggered in response to stress. Numerous factors i.e.<br/>lack of education, negative inspiration, or behavior to impress are also involved.<br/>Furthermore, the adaptation of smoking behavior as a result of stressful stimuli is not<br/>a valid approach to reduce the noxious/stressful stimuli. The stress may further be<br/>exaggerated by smoking. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
MS Biomedical Sciences (BMS) |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Supervisor : Dr. Muhammad Asim Waris |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
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| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="http://10.250.8.41:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30872">http://10.250.8.41:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/30872</a> |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
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| Koha item type |
Thesis |
