NUST Institutions Library Catalogue

Secondary caries rests as the most important challenge in resin-based dental composites,
encouraging search of bioactive fillers like silanized hydroxyapatites and fluorides to increase
antibacterial performance without negotiating mechanical integrity. This study developed and
verified novel UDMA-based composites: a control with camphorquinone photoinitiator, whereas
the experimental group integrating APTES-silanized hydroxyapatite plus calcium fluoride.
Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated via disk diffusion assays against Staphylococcus aureus and
Escherichia coli, revealing clear zones of inhibition nearby experimental disks greater than
controls representing fluoride-driven disruption of bacterial growth. Wide-ranging
characterization, including SEM, FTIR, EDX analysis, water absorption and solubility done by the
use of artificial saliva confirmed efficacious synthesis, structural integrity, and the existence of
preferred functional groups. Outcomes highlight these formulations potential to limit oral biofilms
and improve restorative durability, with silanization helping filler dispersion and ion release; future
work should measure mechanical properties and continuing fluoride kinetics for medical
translation.