02458cam a22003378i 45000010009000000050017000090080041000260100017000670200031000840200027001150400023001420420008001650500023001730820039001961000048002352450121002832630009004042640064004133000024004773360026005013370028005273380027005554900072005825040041006545050203006955200961008986100041018596500027019007000033019277760160019602285187520250625161707.0221103s2022    enk      b    000 0 eng    a  2022044183  a9781009048835q(paperback)  z9781009049498q(ebook)  aDLCbengerdacDLC  apcc00aJZ6374b.C657 202200a341.584223/eng/20221115bCOL 20221 aColeman, Katharina Pichler,d1975-eauthor.10aToken forces :bhow tiny troop deployments became ubiquitous in UN peacekeeping /cKatharina P. Coleman, Xiaojun Li.  a2301 1aCambridge ;aNew York :bCambridge University Press,c2022.  apages cmbphotocopy  atextbtxt2rdacontent  aunmediatedbn2rdamedia  avolumebnc2rdacarrier0 aCambridge elements. Elements in international relations,x2515-7302  aIncludes bibliographical references.0 aThe Significance of Token Forces -- The Ubiquity of Token Forces in UN Peace Operations -- The Diffusion of Token Participation among UN Troop Contributors -- Token Forces from the UN's Perspective.  a"How and why did token troop contributions - tiny military deployments within much larger coalitions - become the most common form of state participation in UN peace operations? In December 2020, the UN mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) had 48 troop contributing countries (TCCs) but 93 percent of its 12,758 troops were deployed by just ten states.1 35 MONUSCO troop contributors deployed less than 40 troops (roughly equivalent to a platoon) each, including 27 states contributing fewer than ten troops each. Collectively, these token contributors accounted for just 200 MONUSCO troops. Likewise, 32 of the 50 TCCs in the UN mission in the Central African Republic, MINUSCA, deployed fewer than 40 troops each, jointly contributing just 168 of the mission's 11,457 military personnel. As we show in this Element, similar patterns are observable in other UN missions, consolidating from the mid-2000s onwards"--cProvided by publisher.20aUnited NationsxPeacekeeping forces. 0aDeployment (Strategy).1 aLi, Xiaojun,d1981-eauthor.08iOnline version:aColeman, Katharina Pichler, 1975-tToken forces.dCambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2022z9781009049498w(DLC) 2022044184