02141nam a22001577a 4500 610 Fatima Tu Zahra 131228 Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Cognitive symptoms and Neuropathy associated with Diabetes Mellitus / Fatima Tu Zahra Islamabad : SMME- NUST; 2025. 95p. Soft Copy 30cm Diabetes Mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder. It often leads to serious complications like cognitive impairment and peripheral neuropathy. Photobiomodulation and metformin show promise in reducing these complications through effects on mitochondria, inflammation, and nerve protection. This study looked at the combined therapeutic potential of PBM and metformin in a diabetic mouse model induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Adult Balb/c mice were divided into groups: control, diabetic, metformin-treated, PBM-treated, and combination therapy. We performed behavioral assessments, biochemical analyses, histopathology, and gene expression studies to evaluate neuropathic pain, cognitive function, tissue integrity, and the molecular markers BDNF and MPZ. The results show that both PBM and metformin improved blood sugar control, reduced signs of neuropathic pain, and boosted cognitive performance. However, their combination led to even greater improvements. Histological analyses revealed better preservation of nerve and peripheral structures, while molecular analyses indicated an increase in neurotrophic and myelination-related genes with combination therapy. These findings suggest a beneficial interaction between PBM and metformin that targets several pathways involved in diabetic complications. The combination presents a promising, non-invasive, and cost-effective way to manage diabetes-related cognitive decline and neuropathy. Further long-term and clinical studies are needed to refine protocols and confirm the potential for practical applications. MS Biomedical Sciences (BMS Supervisor : Dr. Aneeqa Noor 119519 http://10.250.8.41:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/55403 ddc THE 615206 615206 0 0 0 0 SMME SMME EB 2025-10-17 0 610 SMME-TH-1181 2025-10-17 2025-10-17 THE