NUST Institutions Library Catalogue Search for 'kw,wrdl: (su-br:"EL, MS COMM")'

stem cells in regenerative medicine : basic and applications

. 685 P 978-0-07-163572-1

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Barry's advanced construction of buildings /

By Emmitt, Stephen.. Chichester, U.K. ; | Ames, Iowa : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 . ix, 582 p. : 25 cm.. 9781405188531 (pbk. : alk. paper) | 1405188537 (pbk. : alk. paper)

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Media effects : advances in theory and research /

New Jersey: Lawrence Erlabaum Assosiates 1994 . xi, 505 p. : 22 cm.. 9780805864496 (hbk) | 0805864490 (hbk) | 9781410618771 (ebk) | 1410618773 (ebk) | 9780805864502 (pbk) | 0805864504 (pbk)

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Geotechnical Hazards from Large Earthquakes and Heavy Rainfalls /

. 1 online resource (XXIII, 636 pages 557 illustrations, 417 illustrations in color.) 9784431562054

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Nanoencapsulation of Ferrocene Incorporated Thiourea and Doxorubicin for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia /

By Idrees, Nimra . . 102p. 30cm.

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Preparation and Characterization of Pure Pla Filament and Pbat-Reinforced Pla Filament For Fdm 3d Printing /

By Naeem Ul Hassan. . 77p. , This study focuses on preparing pure polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate –coterephthalate (PBAT)-reinforced PLA filaments. PLA and PBAT are biodegradable aliphatic polyesters and have recently received considerable attentions. Due to its brittle nature, PLA has limited application in various fields. To overcome this challenge, numerous efforts have been made to incorporate various additives to enhance its performance. In this work, pure PLA filament and PBAT-reinforced PLA filament with diameter 1.75 ± 0.02 mm were prepared in the lab. Their thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with the commercial PLA filament bought from the market. Following the previous research works and suggestions of incorporating no more than 10 wt.% PBAT, we have mixed 8 wt.% PBAT into the PLA mixture. We then proceeded to extrude pure PLA and PBAT-reinforced PLA filaments at a temperature range of 170 oC to 180 oC, utilizing single screw extruder. Next, we printed tensile and flexural specimens using an FDM 3D printer, in accordance with Taguchi L9 OA. Due to PBAT’s high ductility, 92-8 wt.% PLA-PBAT filament demonstrated a significant increase in elongation at break, reaching up to 12%. Likewise, the PLA-PBAT filament displayed tensile and flexural strengths of up to 48.34 MPa and 107.295 MPa respectively. These values are comparable to the tensile and flexural strengths of pure PLA, which is a great indication that the addition of 8 wt.% PBAT did not cause any unacceptable reduction in the tensile and flexural strengths. Additionally, it was found through DSC analysis that PLA-PBAT filament exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity (Xc) of up to 38.7%, which is significantly higher than that of pure extruded PLA. Furthermore, the TGA curve indicated that thermal stability of PLA-PBAT filament was improved by adding 8 wt.% PBAT. Moreover, digital microscopy results revealed that PLA-PBAT filament had a ductile fracture after necking, whereas pure PLA had a brittle fracture. Lastly, statistical analysis showed that both material type and layer thickness had significant impact on the results. The addition of this new PLA-PBAT filament provides an additional alternative to the current FDM filaments, and it will aid in reducing the constraints of the materials when it comes to additive manufacturing (AM) progress. 30cm.

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Oral Administration of Fluoxetine Incorporated Liposomal Nanoparticles coated with PEG in Treatment of Chronic Mild stress (CMS) /

By Sadiq, Nadia . . 55p. , Depression is one of the most increasing psychological mood disorders, depression does not have some specific physical symptoms, but it negatively affects the person mood, way of living and thinking chronic mild stress (CMS) is one of its type, depression is affecting more than 300million people in the world. Shortness of breath, headache, being miserable, stomach disturbance and physical tensions are some of the common symptoms of depression that is reported according to National Alliance of Mental Health, Anti-depressant are used for altering the neurotransmitters those are serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine that are primarily involved in regulating and mood alleviating mood. Despite the availability of large number of drugs, many of patients are resistant to the current mode of treatment that are available now adays. The obstacle that is significant for the transportation of beneficial therapeutic entities to the nervous system is BBB that is the blood brain barrier. There are junctions that are present in the endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier that stop the drugs passage. Now nanoparticles are receiving significant limelight owing to their small size and efficient brain targeting activity, making them likely to cross the blood brain barrier while carrying the intact drug molecule otherwise incapable of permeation. In this study the fluoxetine loaded liposomal nanoparticle coated with PEG were developed to transport the drug across the BBB to the central nervous system having much greater efficiency. For testing its delivery, the animal that is mice model of depression is used with the specific name that is designed in order to induce depression like symptoms in mice. Before and After treatment great differences between the physical behaviors like Elevated maze, open field test, force swim test etc and sucrose consumption test were identified and plotted, as liposomes that having capabilities to carry the anti-depressant drug molecule that is administered through the Oral route of administration or the better and improved method of treatment. 30cm.

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Perception of Emotion in Human-Robot Interaction /

By Zia, Muhammad Faisal. . 59p. , Perception of emotion is an intuitive replication of a person’s internal state without the need for verbal communication. Visual emotion recognition has been broadly studied and several end-toend deep neural networks (DNNs)-based and Machine learning-based models have been proposed but they lack the ability to be implemented in low-specification devices like robots, and vehicles. The drawbacks of conventional handcrafted feature-based Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) methods are eliminated by DNNs-based FER approaches. In spite of that, Deep Neural Network based FER techniques suffer from high processing costs and exorbitant memory requirements, their application is constrained in fields like Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) and HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) and relies on hardware requirements. In aforementioned study, we presented a computationally inexpensive and robust FER system for the perception of six basic emotions (i.e., disgust, surprise, fear, anger, happy, and sad) that is capable of running on embedded devices with constrained specifications. In the first step after pre-processing input images, geometric features are extracted from detected facial landmarks, considering the facial spatial position among influential landmarks. The extracted features are given as input to trainthe SVM classifier. Our proposed FER system was trained and evaluated experimentally using two databases, Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) and Extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+) database. Fusion of KDEF and CK+ datasets at the training level were also employed in order to generalize the FER system’s response to the variations of ethnicity, race, national and provincial backgrounds. The results show that our proposed FER system is optimized for real-time embedded applications with constrained specifications and yields an accuracy of 96.8%, 86.7% and 86.4% for CK+, KDEF and fusion of CK+ and KDEF databases respectively. As a part of our future research objectives, the developed system will make a robotic agent capable of perceiving emotion and interacting naturally without the need for additional hardware during HRI. 30cm.

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Assessment of Stress Biomarkers in the Saliva of Smokers and Nonsmokers via UV Photospectrometry and POMS /

By Fahim, Maria . . 99p. , Smoking is one of the major health catastrophes. Smoking is believed to be the major cause of chronic diseases like Cardiovascular complications, stroke, pregnancy issues, respiratory failure, etc. There are three important transdiagnostic emotional factors that make the population vulnerable to initiation of smoking i.e. anhedonia anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance. Research studies for the past five decades have proven the adverse effect of stress on brain physiology and functioning. The human body responds to trauma (physical or non-physical stress) in a definite manner. This response of the body can be qualitatively and quantitatively monitored through several chemicals in the bloodstream, saliva, or urine; responding to the stress, called stress biomarkers i.e. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cortisol, cytokines etc. Saliva delivers an efficient specimen for various diagnostic procedures due to the presence of different biological products and secondary metabolites of xenobiotics and helps in determining the disease progressions as well as therapy outcomes depending on the variations in the markers/triggers. The nature of mindset and mood states are evaluated by a scales designed to rate the behavior of an individual towards the environmental stimuli that may be physical or psychological in nature. This psychological rating scale is known as the profile of mood state (POMS). This scale was initially originated by McNair, Droppleman, and Lorr in 1971. This scale is presented in the form a questionnaire including different questions regarding the mode and feelings of a subject.This research work aims to further elucidate the utilization of UV Photospectrometry for quantitatively assessing POMS and its relation to the stress biomarker. The samples were collected form the vicinity of the university campus H-12 Islamabad. The samples were processed and stored at the biomedical laboratory of School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), NUST. A total of twenty-four (24) male subjects were analyzed. A total of two groups were considered. Group 1 included the non-smoking participants, while group 2 included smoking participants. Simple spitting technique was used for the collection of unstimulated saliva. About 4 ml unstimulated saliva was collected in the sterile falcon tube. Saliva was temporarily stored in cool boxes at 4°C and immediately II shifted to the facility. Centrifugation of the salivary sample was done at 4°C for 5 minutes and 10,000 rpm. Saliva sample was frozen at -80°C until sample collection span was completed. The mood state of the participants was also evaluated using the profile of mood state technique used initially by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman in 1971. The total mood disturbance (TMD) score was calculated that ranges from -32 to 200. The questionnaire was accessed from ―Mackenzie, B. (2001) Profile of Mood States (POMS) [WWW] Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/poms.htm [Accessed 26/6/2022]‖. Simulated neural networking (SNN) was applied to the collected data from smokers and non-smokers for accuracy scoring. The required statistical analysis was performed and the data was statistically analyzed through a software ―GraphPad Prism 8.0‖ and the respective graphs were plotted. UV spectrophotometry studies provided peak plasma concentration peaks at the lower UV range of 190 to 210 nm, but with no significant difference, representing the presence of biological stress markers. The profile of mood state evaluation studies concluded that the smoking participants were presented with a significantly higher level of individual mood profile scores i.e. anger (****, P<0.0001), confusion (**, P<0.0014), fatigue (*, P<0.0354), tension (*, P<0.0422) and stress as compared to nonsmoking participants. The vigorous score was significantly high in the nonsmoking individuals (****, P<0.0001). Similarly, total mood disturbance score was also significantly high in the smoking participants. The application of artificial neural networking through artificial machine learning scored the accuracy of the results 84% which is a reliable outcome. The current research work concludes that different stress stimuli including physiological stress and psychological stress tends to initiate/increase the smoking behavior among the community. Likewise, it is also concluded that smoking initiation may not be always triggered in response to stress. Numerous factors i.e. lack of education, negative inspiration, or behavior to impress are also involved. Furthermore, the adaptation of smoking behavior as a result of stressful stimuli is not a valid approach to reduce the noxious/stressful stimuli. The stress may further be exaggerated by smoking. 30cm.

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Identifying Neurophysiological Correlates of Frontotemporal Dementia: Resting State EEG and Phase Synchronization Analysis /

By Ali, Salwa . . 123p. , The need to develop more efficient neuropsychological biomarkers is paramount in the identification of neurodegenerative diseases, tracking the efficiency of treatment and in an effort to avoid the huge financial cost required. While previous research utilizing neuroimaging techniques has pinpointed changes in functional connectivity (FC) as promising biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the constraints of cost and availability of neuroimaging equipment underscore the necessity for accessible alternatives. Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a viable option due to its increasing robustness, wider usage, and affordability. To this end, the research focuses on a resting-state EEG data created from AD, FTD, and HC groups. Here ground data were obtained from nineteen leads using a clinical EEG device when the subjects were in a resting state and their eyes were closed. Another challenge was to follow strict standards for data quality and quality management for data quality to enhance consistency. It is a cross-sectional study, including data from MiniMental State Examination conducted on each participant, and tapes recorded from 20 AD patients, 20 FTD patients, and 20 HC. The Neuroimaging Data Structure (BIDS) format was utilized to present both preprocessed and raw EEG data. The foremost aim was to determine the Feasibility, Sensitivity, and Specificity of the preprocessed, feature extracted, time-efficient, and artifact reduced EEG-derived FC patterns as markers in FTD. Phase-lock values (PLVs) were computed among nineteen pairs of electrodes across five frequency bands using MATLAB and the Hilbert transform. Significant variations in brain connectivity were identified through statistical analyses. The study revealed significant differences in alpha and beta frequency patterns among the control, Alzheimer's, and FTD groups, particularly in frontal and temporal regions. These differences suggest alterations in neural activity associated with cognitive processing, potentially serving as biomarkers for distinguishing between the three groups. Alterations in beta frequency PLV were noted across various EEG pairs, indicating disruptions in neural communication and coordination. These alterations suggest xvi compensatory mechanisms or hyperactivity in frontal and prefrontal regions, alongside potential cognitive and motor deficits due to decreased PLV in central and temporal regions. While no statistically significant differences were observed in delta and theta frequency synchronization between groups, trends suggest potential regions of interest for further research, aligning with existing literature exploring neural oscillations in neurodegenerative diseases. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in gamma frequency synchronization between groups, indicating relatively preserved neural synchronization in this frequency range across control, Alzheimer's, and FTD patients. In summary, both Alzheimer's and FTD demonstrate significant reductions in alpha and beta frequency values, particularly in frontal and temporal regions, compared to healthy controls. These findings underscore the altered functional network topology in AD and FTD, offering valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying these conditions. The study's results contribute to the development of electrophysiological markers, potentially enhancing the clinical diagnosis and understanding of AD and FTD. The specificity and sensitivity of EEG-derived FC patterns highlight their potential as costeffective, accessible biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease. 30cm.

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Efficient Real-Time Brain-to-Text Communication Using EEG and Neural Networks/

By Hadi, Hussain.

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Therapeutic Effects of Light Flicker Stimulation in a Mouse Model of Depression - A Comparative Study /

By Hyder, Azan . . 80p. , Depression is a common neuropsychiatric condition, characterized by behavioral deficiencies, mood swings, and cognitive impairments. Although fluoxetine is still a commonly prescribed antidepressant, its drawbacks, including systemic side effects and delayed therapeutic results, make it necessary to look at alternative treatments. Using a chronic restraint stress mouse model, this study examines the effectiveness of 40 Hz light flicker therapy as a novel, non-invasive neuromodulatory treatment for depression by directly contrasting it with fluoxetine treatment. Behavioral tests such as the Light-Dark Box, Forced Swim, and Sucrose Preference tests showed that 40 Hz light stimulation dramatically reduced depressive-like behaviors, frequently outperforming the effects of fluoxetine. Histopathological examinations showed that parvalbuminexpressing interneurons, which are necessary for gamma oscillatory activity and inhibitory circuitry, had been protected in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal regions. Increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and parvalbumin (PV) was further validated by molecular experiments, suggesting improved interneuron integrity and neuroplasticity. These results demonstrate that 40 Hz light flicker therapy facilitates the functional restoration of brain regions damaged in depression, pointing to distinct mechanisms from those of traditional medication. Subsequent research endeavors ought to concentrate on refining stimulation parameters, evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness, and clarifying electrophysiological mechanisms via supplementary imaging and neurophysiological studies. Promising translational potential is indicated by ongoing clinical investigations. To conclude, 40 Hz light flicker therapy might prove to be a useful supplement or substitute therapy, providing a customized, side-effect-free choice for managing depression. 30cm.

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Customization of 3D-Printed Knee Implants: Design Optimization and Lattice Structure Integration fo Enhanced Performance /

By Ahmad, Fatima Ajaz . . 93p. , Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgeries are becoming increasingly common globally as an effective measure to counter knee arthritis. Total knee replacement implants are very advantageous in a sense that they offer 99% success rate to patients. This thesis presents the design, simulation and additive manufacturing of a patient specific, Functionally Graded Lattice Structure (FGLS) knee implant in Ti 6Al-4V alloy with specific reference to the healthcare situation in Pakistan. This was to explore the local manufacturing facilities of Pakistan as all knee implants are imported from abroad. The strategy involved a high degree of workflow consisting of Computer-Aided Design (CAD), finite element analysis (FEA), and topology optimization using nTopology to create Gyroid-based lattice work. The structures were to resemble the trabecular bone structure to ensure that stiffness discrepancies were minimized. This helped counter only one drawback of solid knee implants, stress shielding. The simulations of the physiological loading conditions (static and cyclic) demonstrated a Von Mises peak of 620.45 Mpa and safety factor of 12.66 on the average and unlimited predicted life of fatigue of over 10^7 cycles. The use of FGLS was effective in making the weight of 490 g to 292, leading to a 40 percent weight reduction, with no structural integrity lost. Selective Laser Melding (SLM) was used to fabricate the implant and the heat treatment allowed stress relieving of the additively manufactured implant. Compressive testing was also mechanically vindicated to be on an of average 95.02 kN with little variation and Micro-CT scanning confirmed high dimensional fidelity and showed internal lattice geometries without defects. According to this research, SLM produced FGLS implants usage has proven to be an option to traditional prosthetics, which is mechanically stable, biologically desirable, and cost-effective, and has a bright future of being a locally manufactured orthopedics product. 30cm.

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