Preparation and Characterization of Pure Pla Filament and Pbat-Reinforced Pla Filament For Fdm 3d Printing /

By Naeem Ul Hassan. . 77p. , This study focuses on preparing pure polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate –coterephthalate (PBAT)-reinforced PLA filaments. PLA and PBAT are biodegradable aliphatic polyesters and have recently received considerable attentions. Due to its brittle nature, PLA has limited application in various fields. To overcome this challenge, numerous efforts have been made to incorporate various additives to enhance its performance. In this work, pure PLA filament and PBAT-reinforced PLA filament with diameter 1.75 ± 0.02 mm were prepared in the lab. Their thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with the commercial PLA filament bought from the market. Following the previous research works and suggestions of incorporating no more than 10 wt.% PBAT, we have mixed 8 wt.% PBAT into the PLA mixture. We then proceeded to extrude pure PLA and PBAT-reinforced PLA filaments at a temperature range of 170 oC to 180 oC, utilizing single screw extruder. Next, we printed tensile and flexural specimens using an FDM 3D printer, in accordance with Taguchi L9 OA. Due to PBAT’s high ductility, 92-8 wt.% PLA-PBAT filament demonstrated a significant increase in elongation at break, reaching up to 12%. Likewise, the PLA-PBAT filament displayed tensile and flexural strengths of up to 48.34 MPa and 107.295 MPa respectively. These values are comparable to the tensile and flexural strengths of pure PLA, which is a great indication that the addition of 8 wt.% PBAT did not cause any unacceptable reduction in the tensile and flexural strengths. Additionally, it was found through DSC analysis that PLA-PBAT filament exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity (Xc) of up to 38.7%, which is significantly higher than that of pure extruded PLA. Furthermore, the TGA curve indicated that thermal stability of PLA-PBAT filament was improved by adding 8 wt.% PBAT. Moreover, digital microscopy results revealed that PLA-PBAT filament had a ductile fracture after necking, whereas pure PLA had a brittle fracture. Lastly, statistical analysis showed that both material type and layer thickness had significant impact on the results. The addition of this new PLA-PBAT filament provides an additional alternative to the current FDM filaments, and it will aid in reducing the constraints of the materials when it comes to additive manufacturing (AM) progress. 30cm.

Place Hold on Preparation and Characterization of Pure Pla Filament and Pbat-Reinforced Pla Filament For Fdm 3d Printing /

Experimentation and Validation of Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Different Metal Sheets Using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /

By Pasha, Muhammad Taqveem Ahsan . . 52p. , An ever increasing demand of manufactured products calls for new manufacturing techniques that are cost effective and efficient. The global population is at an unprecedented rise and anticipating an increased demand for efficient, cheap and durable vehicles as well as automobile parts is nothing but obvious. With a population of over 216 million people, Pakistan stands 5thin the global ranking population wise. The population boom in Pakistan is growing at the rate of about 1.8pc a year, which, when extrapolated to the year 2030, brings out a staggering figure of 240 million people. With little growth in the industrial sector of Pakistan, the local market is forced to import goods for the Pakistani consumer. This presents the businesses and manufacturers all over the world a great opportunity to attract a huge mass of potential buyers in the Pakistani market. However, being a struggling economy, the import culture immensely upsets the balance of imports and exports of Pakistan. The purpose of this research is to promote a cost effective means of manufacturing for the local firms in order to counter the huge influx of imports. Novel techniques will not only promote the culture of research and development in the country, but will also enable the local manufacturers to explore options to fulfil the demand in the local market and provide opportunities for indigenous talent to play their part in the economic development of the nation. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a relatively new technique of sheet metal forming. It is a die-less process that shapes the metal sheet in incremental steps for precision and accuracy. The process is relatively simple; a tool path is generated in accordance with the CAD model, the metal sheet is subjected to forming force via computer numeric controlled tool in presence of a lubricant. Once the tool completes its path, the sheet is formed in the desired shape. The materials used in this research are procured from the local market of Pakistan, hence suggesting the automakers over here to try new lines of manufacturing that uses indigenous materials to minimize imports. This study is based on the incremental formability of two materials; Al 5083 and Low Carbon Steel (0.04% Carbon). Both materials are readily available in the local market. The research targets the results of ABAQUS simulations run on the aforementioned materials to experimentally verify them and see their applicability on the practical sid. 30cm.

Place Hold on Experimentation and Validation of Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Different Metal Sheets Using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /

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Preparation and Characterization of Pure Pla Filament and Pbat-Reinforced Pla Filament For Fdm 3d Printing /

Experimentation and Validation of Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Different Metal Sheets Using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /