NUST Institutions Library Catalogue Search for 'an:"119623"'

VSM and Simulation Tools Employment in Conjunction for Productivity Enhancement -A Pakistan Case Study

By Waqas Ahmed. ISlamabad SMME NUST . 41p. 30cm..

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Statistical Process Control of an Automobile Parts Manufacturing Company Using Six Sigma

By Shah Faisal. Islamabad SMME NUST 2012 . 98p. 30cm..

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Experimental and Simulated Performance Analysis of parabolic through collector

By Naveed Ahmed. Islamabad SMME NUST 2014 . 92 30cm.

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Reduction in Welding Defects and Rejection Rates through Implementation of six sigma DMAIC Methodology

By Faheem Yousaf . Islambad SMME NUST 2013 . 135p. 30cm.

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DUAL WELDING OF HIGH STRNTH LOW ALLOY(HSLA) STEEL AND COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES WITH INDIVIDUAL WELDING PROCESSES / Muhammad Ijaz Afzal

By Muhammad Ijaz Afzal. Islamadad : SMME -NUST, 2015 . ill, 77 p. ; , Hardcover.

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REDUCTION IN REJECTION RATE POLYPROPYLENE BAGS AT SYNTRON LTD THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF SIX SIGMA /

By Muhammad Hamad Sajjad. Islamabad : SMME - NUST, 2012 . ill, 85 p. ; , Hardcover.

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GEOMETRIC ERROR MEASUREMENT AND COMPENSATION IN TWO AXIS CNC MACHINE /

By Muhammad Asad Ullah. Islamabad : SMME - NUST, 2013 . ill, 62 p, ; , Hardcover.

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Production Management Using Lean Principle (OBEYA)/

By Hafiz Ahmad Bilal. slamabad: SMME -NUST 2015 . vii, 62p. : ill. ; , Hardcover. 30cm.

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DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF THREE PHASE SEPARATOR /

By Muhammad Yousaf. Islambad : SMME NUST, 2016 . xiv, 60 p. ; , Hardcover. 30cm.

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Analyzing Effects of damping materials on automotive bumper beam assembly under different loading conditions /

By Jan, Dil. . 84p. 30cm.

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Design and Fabrication of an Automatic Egg Incubator with Controls /

By Siddiqui, Osama Aftab . . 75p. ; 30cm..

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Diffusion Bonding of Ferrous Alloys and their Characterization /

By Muhammad Hussain, Mian . . 73p. ; 30cm..

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Postural Analysis and Improvement of Laptop Users with Human Factor Engineering in an Academic Environment Using DMAIC Approach /

By Ahmed, Hamza . . 105p. , Sudden shift from face-to-face to distance learning during COVID-19 has increased the use of laptops in academic institutes causing an increase in the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to awkward sitting postures. This research article aims to use DMAIC approach to assess the risk of MSDs. A novel Ergo-DMAIC framework has been developed to evaluate the working postures ergonomically using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (NMDQ), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and HumanCAD®. The NMDQ results revealed that about 90% of the selected population (approximately 500 participants) has symptoms of MSDs. Similarly, the average RULA and REBA scores are 4.4 and 7, respectively, indicating a medium risk level that needs action. RULA and REBA scores are validated using HumanCAD® biomechanical stress analysis. The stress analysis results for both genders give an average stress ratio value greater than 1 for the head, arm, and thorax regions, indicating the danger zone. The thorax is the most affected region, with the highest average stress ratios calculated 8.2 and 10.3 for males and females, respectively. The improved workstation design results indicate a significant stress ratio reduction (i.e., > 50%) by achieving the neutral sitting posture. Furthermore, academicians, practitioners, and researchers may contribute to exploring the applied framework in other working organizations, as this study considered only educational institutes. 30cm.

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Empirical Study and Analysis Of Manufacturing Industry in Pakistan to Improve Cycle Time /

By Aziz Dar, Muhammad Talha. . 83p. , The Cement industry in Pakistan stands as a vital pillar of economic development, significantly contributing to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing substantial employment opportunities. However, it faces persistent challenges that hinder its growth and competitiveness, notably extended cycle times in various Cement processes. Cycle time, measuring the duration from raw material acquisition to finished product delivery, profoundly impacts operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Prolonged cycle times result in elevated production costs, excessive inventory, extended lead times, and a reduced ability to respond to market dynamics. This empirical study delves into the issue of extended cycle times within Pakistan's Cement sector and explores strategies for improvement, particularly focusing on the implementation of Just-inTime (JIT) principles. JIT, a renowned production philosophy, emphasizes waste reduction, smaller batch sizes, efficient inventory management, and continuous process enhancement. The study reveals that Cement companies in Pakistan generally favour batch sizes categorized as "Small" to "Large" and prefer a "Process Layout." While employing a combination of inventory management techniques, the industry exhibits variability in practices. Companies anticipate challenges such as production bottlenecks, inefficient process flows, and resistance to change during JIT implementation. The implications of this research extend to customized JIT adoption strategies, effective change management, lean inventory practices, and a commitment to continuous improvement. By addressing these challenges and embracing JIT principles, the Cement industry in Pakistan can enhance operational efficiency, reduce cycle times, and remain competitive in the global market. This study contributes valuable insights to the field of Cement and JIT implementation, offering recommendations that can drive efficiency improvements and support economic development in Pakistan 30cm.

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Preparation and Characterization of Pure Pla Filament and Pbat-Reinforced Pla Filament For Fdm 3d Printing /

By Naeem Ul Hassan. . 77p. , This study focuses on preparing pure polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate –coterephthalate (PBAT)-reinforced PLA filaments. PLA and PBAT are biodegradable aliphatic polyesters and have recently received considerable attentions. Due to its brittle nature, PLA has limited application in various fields. To overcome this challenge, numerous efforts have been made to incorporate various additives to enhance its performance. In this work, pure PLA filament and PBAT-reinforced PLA filament with diameter 1.75 ± 0.02 mm were prepared in the lab. Their thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with the commercial PLA filament bought from the market. Following the previous research works and suggestions of incorporating no more than 10 wt.% PBAT, we have mixed 8 wt.% PBAT into the PLA mixture. We then proceeded to extrude pure PLA and PBAT-reinforced PLA filaments at a temperature range of 170 oC to 180 oC, utilizing single screw extruder. Next, we printed tensile and flexural specimens using an FDM 3D printer, in accordance with Taguchi L9 OA. Due to PBAT’s high ductility, 92-8 wt.% PLA-PBAT filament demonstrated a significant increase in elongation at break, reaching up to 12%. Likewise, the PLA-PBAT filament displayed tensile and flexural strengths of up to 48.34 MPa and 107.295 MPa respectively. These values are comparable to the tensile and flexural strengths of pure PLA, which is a great indication that the addition of 8 wt.% PBAT did not cause any unacceptable reduction in the tensile and flexural strengths. Additionally, it was found through DSC analysis that PLA-PBAT filament exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity (Xc) of up to 38.7%, which is significantly higher than that of pure extruded PLA. Furthermore, the TGA curve indicated that thermal stability of PLA-PBAT filament was improved by adding 8 wt.% PBAT. Moreover, digital microscopy results revealed that PLA-PBAT filament had a ductile fracture after necking, whereas pure PLA had a brittle fracture. Lastly, statistical analysis showed that both material type and layer thickness had significant impact on the results. The addition of this new PLA-PBAT filament provides an additional alternative to the current FDM filaments, and it will aid in reducing the constraints of the materials when it comes to additive manufacturing (AM) progress. 30cm.

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Ues Of statistical Quality Control Tools IN Manufacturing Industry To Improve Quality & Enhancement In Productivity /

By Majeed, Romeeza. . 95p. ; 30cm..

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Process Optimization in Single Point Incremental Forming in Particular Reference to Tool size and Sheet Thickness /

By Khan, Hamid Raza . . 77p. ; , Many new manufacturing processes, such as hydroforming, laser forming, water jet forming and incremental forming, and were introduced in the last decade. However, owing to high flexibility, the single-point incremental forming (SPIF) process has attained a great attention. Single-point incremental forming (SPIF) is relatively a novel sheet forming process to produce small lots with low cost. It has potential to replace conventional sheet forming processes in order to produce small batches at low cost and in short delivery time. This study is focused on the formability in SPIF. A new test to evaluate maximum wall angle, a formability measure, in SPIF was used. This test makes use of geometry whose wall angle continuously increases from 0o to 90o along the depth. Therefore, the test specimen, depending upon the thinning limit of sheet, fractures somewhere between 0o and 90o. This enables the new test to provide maximum wall angle using single specimen and renders it promising over the existing test in which a series of specimen is required to be formed. In this thesis guidelines for tool size selection to maximize the spif-ability (i.e., formability in SPIF) of an aerospace grade alloy (AA-2024) are presented. The role of tool size, with respect to sheet thickness employed, on the formability in SPIF (i.e., spifability) is clarified. The response surface method is employed in order to study the significance of sheet thickness (to) and tool radius (r) on the spifability. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the sheet thickness and tool radius are not significant individually, however, a strong interaction between these parameters exists. Moreover, for a particular sheet thickness, there exists only one r/to value at which the spifability can be maximized under a given set of conditions. Furthermore, for a given sheet thickness, if a tool with radius lesser than a particular value is used (i.e., r/to≤2) the material squeezes out from the tool/sheet interface. And, such a condition adversely affects the material spifability. In order to know facts behind experimental findings, FEA using LS-DYNA has also been carried out. 30cm. .

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Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of UV Resin in Stereo Lithography /

By Asim, Muhammad . . 72p. , Stereo lithography, which is mostly use for rapid tooling applications, is the earliest technique developed for rapid prototyping. It converts CAD models directly into real parts, which offers the considerable benefit of shorter lead times and less waste. Layer thickness, build orientation, exposure time, and other process variables all affect the strength of part produced via masked stereo lithography. This work aims to identify, investigate and maximize the influence of process variable on the part produce by Anycubic Dental non castable resin in Anycubic Photon S LCD SL printer. To do this, L9 orthogonal array designed using the Taguchi method has been developed, which lowers the number of experimental runs compared to other approaches. In addition, an empirical regression model linking part strength and process variables such layer thickness, build orientation, and exposure time was created. Prior to physically fabricating the item, this process model may forecast the amount of strength that can be attained for the specified set of process parameters. Additionally, the model demonstrates how strength is dependent on the specified process parameters, which is particularly beneficial for technical individuals like designers, engineers, and RP machine users. 30cm.

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Effects of graphene oxide dispersions on the properties of 3D printed polymer nanocomposites /

By Riaz, Fahad. . 70p. , This study reports on the synthesis of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)- graphene oxide nanocomposites for 3D printing applications. PEGDA-graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by the solution casting method. Herein, we report a facile approach of probe sonication for better dispersion of graphene within the polymer matrix. Moreover, the effect of the dispersion of GO on the mechanical properties of 3D printed nanocomposites samples of tensile (ASTM D638 type IV) and compression (ASTM D695) was studied with different dispersion parameters following the Taguchibased design of experiment. Testing and microscopic analysis indicate that the optimum concentration of GO, sonication time, and sonication amplitude is (0.05%wt, 30min, 70%). Tensile strength increases 60% while the compression strength increases to 62%. The young’s modulus increased from 1.47 MPa to 7.0 MPa. Both the tensile and compression strength first increase and then decrease gradually with different dispersion parameters and also decreased by increasing GO concentration. The results are further supported by microscopic analysis and tested samples. 30cm.

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Enviornmrntal Impact Assessment Of Cutlery Manufacturing In Pakistan /

By Aqib, Muhammad. . 64p. , The world's manufacturing industries are under tremendous pressure to meet the demands of a growing number of people due to the rapid increase in population. Manufacturing sectors are essential to the development of any country, but they also have a significant negative impact on the environment. Because of its heat-resistant and thermosetting properties, melamine material is making a lasting impression in many manufacturing industries, even though there are health concerns related to it. It is necessary to conduct systematic measurements in order to evaluate and lessen these environmental repercussions. Therefore, a thorough environmental evaluation was conducted for a cutlery manufacturing facility located in Pakistan in order to close this study gap. SimaPro 9.5 was employed as the modeling software tool, and different midpoint and endpoint impacts were assessed using ReCipe 2016 techniques. The findings showed that compared to other manufacturing processes, injection molding had the greatest environmental impact. With values of 11.8 kg CO2 eq. and 12.0 kg 1,4- DCB, respectively, global warming and terrestrial ecotoxicity were the impact categories most impacted. The human health category suffered more damage at the endpoint level than others. Four distinct alternative scenarios were generated based on energy transition and technical process intervention. These scenarios were examined for their effects on the environment as well as for economic performance. In the first alternative scenario, the injection procedure was carried out using a double-cavity mold rather than a single-cavity mold. For a number of effect categories, this intervention reduced the impact by more than 30% when compared to the baseline scenario. The effects of global warming were decreased to 8.1 kg CO2 equivalent. Three more options were based on using an injection mold with a double or single cavity and either 50% or 100% solar energy. All things considered, the combination of 50% solar energy and double-cavity mold proved to be the most advantageous of the four possible situations. This alternative demonstrated a payback period of less than three years, a net present value of 21.8 million PKRs, and a reduction of more than 50% in most of the effect areas. 30cm.

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Experimentation and Validation of Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Different Metal Sheets Using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /

By Pasha, Muhammad Taqveem Ahsan . . 52p. , An ever increasing demand of manufactured products calls for new manufacturing techniques that are cost effective and efficient. The global population is at an unprecedented rise and anticipating an increased demand for efficient, cheap and durable vehicles as well as automobile parts is nothing but obvious. With a population of over 216 million people, Pakistan stands 5thin the global ranking population wise. The population boom in Pakistan is growing at the rate of about 1.8pc a year, which, when extrapolated to the year 2030, brings out a staggering figure of 240 million people. With little growth in the industrial sector of Pakistan, the local market is forced to import goods for the Pakistani consumer. This presents the businesses and manufacturers all over the world a great opportunity to attract a huge mass of potential buyers in the Pakistani market. However, being a struggling economy, the import culture immensely upsets the balance of imports and exports of Pakistan. The purpose of this research is to promote a cost effective means of manufacturing for the local firms in order to counter the huge influx of imports. Novel techniques will not only promote the culture of research and development in the country, but will also enable the local manufacturers to explore options to fulfil the demand in the local market and provide opportunities for indigenous talent to play their part in the economic development of the nation. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a relatively new technique of sheet metal forming. It is a die-less process that shapes the metal sheet in incremental steps for precision and accuracy. The process is relatively simple; a tool path is generated in accordance with the CAD model, the metal sheet is subjected to forming force via computer numeric controlled tool in presence of a lubricant. Once the tool completes its path, the sheet is formed in the desired shape. The materials used in this research are procured from the local market of Pakistan, hence suggesting the automakers over here to try new lines of manufacturing that uses indigenous materials to minimize imports. This study is based on the incremental formability of two materials; Al 5083 and Low Carbon Steel (0.04% Carbon). Both materials are readily available in the local market. The research targets the results of ABAQUS simulations run on the aforementioned materials to experimentally verify them and see their applicability on the practical sid. 30cm.

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Impact Analysis of Different Damping Materials In Bumper Beam Assembly /

By Salari ,Syed Mubashir Ullah . . 72p. ; 33cm..

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Adhesive Bonded Joints in Composite-Composite Bonding for Aerospace Applications /

By Anas ,Muhammad Saad . . 55p. ; 33cm..

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Accuracy Based Design of DELTA Parallel Manipulator /

By Ghazi , Mansoor.

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Aircraft and Rotorcraft Conceptual Design: Design Trends for the Preliminary Sizing and Surrogate Models for Performance Estimation /

By Sultan, Shoaib . . 93p. , This research discusses the development of surrogate models for aircraft and rotorcraft design during the conceptual phase. The approach proposed in this study, on a crude scale, holds a strong utilization potential among the design community and aero modelers during the preliminary sizing. The fixed-wing aircraft database includes fighters, trainers, transport aircraft, agricultural planes, amphibious aircraft, light utility planes, motor-gliders, sport planes, and freighters. Similarly, the rotorcraft database comprises conventional, fenestron, counter-rotating, and no tail rotor configurations was developed from commercially available data. Linear/NonLinear regression modeling using power laws is carried out to explore highly correlated design trends among aircraft and rotorcraft weight, geometric, propulsion, and performance parameters. These design trends identify interdependencies among design parameters and provide initial design bounds for preliminary sizing. Aircraft and rotorcraft design is complex process, and a single variable can never predict the response with adequate confidence. Surrogate models using multiple linear regression techniques were developed to estimate aircraft and rotorcraft performance parameters: range, rate of climb, service ceiling, and maximum velocity. Moreover, these models are validated using a two-step process that includes verifying each model using quantitative criteria and checking the prediction accuracy of each model. 30cm.

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Optimization of a Two Sided Assembly Line using Genetic Algorithm & Discrete Event Simulation /

By Jahanzaib ,Muhammad . . 88p. ; 33cm..

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Optimization of Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Using Response Surface Method Under Different Fluidic Conditions \

By Rehman, Zubair Ur . . 98p. ; 33cm..

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Detailed study for Finding Optimum Values for different Parameters using Simulation and Experimentation for Investment Casting Process /

By Faraz, Ahmad. . 92p. ; 33cm..

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Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Multi-layer thermoplastics using Kevlar- An Experimental Study /

By Naveed, Ali Bin . . 82p. ; 30cm..

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EFFECT OF CARBON FIBRE ON REINFORCEMENT OF THERMOPLASTICS USING FDM AND RSM /

By Ch ,M Fausz Naeem . 30cm..

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Modeling and Validation of Friction stir welding for similar and dissimilar alloys using ABAQUS /

By MUSHTAQ ,ATTIYA. . 44p. ; 30cm..

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Supply Chain Network Optimization Model for Third Party Logistics /

By Afzal , Hurria. . 41p. ; 30cm..

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Conformance of ISO 1101:2017 & ASME Y14.5: 2018 on a Single Product Model Including All Geometrical charateristics in specification and verification /

By Qadeer , Abdul . . 73p. ; 30cm..

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Detailed Study and Experimentation For Finding Optimum Values For Investment Casting Process (Ceramic Shell Type) /

By Mushtaq , Nabeel. . 171p. ; 30cm..

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Design Analysis of Bumper Support Beam /

By ABDUL BASEER ,RAJA . . 56p. ; 30cm..

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Improvement In Condensate Recovery For Energy Conservation Using Six Sigma Methodology In A Textile Industry /

By Hussain Shah, Abdul Qadeer . . 73p. , The hot byproduct of steam, called condensate, still retains 25% of the energy from the original steam. Rather than draining it, it makes more sense to return it to the boiler. In today's world, energy is a precious resource and we are facing an energy crisis. Pakistan is currently experiencing one of the worst energy crises in its history. As a result, the textile industry is struggling due to high production costs compared to other global markets. However, condensate has now become a valuable resource that can significantly reduce operating costs. Every day, approximately 840 m3 of water is fed into the coal-fired steam boiler, which generates 820 tons of steam. 300 tons of steam are supplied to Processing Div. II, with 80 tons used directly on machines and the remaining steam used indirectly through heat exchangers. This leaves about 154 m3 of condensate at 80-90 ℃ that can either be wasted or returned to the system for reuse. This report serves as an optimized tool for conducting a cost-benefit analysis of condensate recovery systems. Advanced techniques were used to identify the root causes of condensate wastage. A detailed audit of the Processing Div. II was conducted, data was collected and analyzed, and potential improvements were identified. Some repair and maintenance activities were completed and others are currently in progress. Ultimately, a model will be designed to find potential savings by upgrading the current condensate recovery system. This report promotes a zero-drain approach in the textile industry, contributing to a sustainable environment and reducing fabric costs. 30cm.

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Process Improvement of Pakistan's manufactured Truck and Trailer Wheel Hubs using DMAIC methodology /

By ZEB ,FAHAD . . 153p. ; 30cm..

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Evaluation of Environmental Burdens of Steel Manufacturing in Pakistan /

By Rubab, Hania . . 100p. , In Pakistan, the iron and steel industry is a leading manufacturing sector that plays a significant role in the national economy and social development. However, it consumes a significant amount of energy, produces various emissions, and generates wastages. An assessment of environmental burdens may enable us to review and improve the environmental outlook of this sector. However, there is limited research on this topic. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of a mini steel mill (manufacturing plant). The system boundary includes scrap melting, continuous casting, and rolling processes, representing the gate-to-gate steel production. Primary data were collected from a steel production plant, located in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study utilizes SimaPro V9.4 software as the modeling tool and the Recipe method to map various impact categories. The results were discussed at both the midpoint and endpoint levels. The scrap melting process was found with higher impacts in most of midpoint impact categories, including global warming, acidification, ozone depletion, etc. This was mainly because of the energy intensive nature of melting process and coal-based energy generation at the plant. After melting, it was the continuous casting process that generated more impacts, and it was followed by the rolling process. At the endpoint (damages) level, the scrap melting caused more damage to all three areas of protection (human health, ecosystems and resources) than any other production process. The results were calculated for the scenario if the plant is run with cleaner energy sources, such as solar energy. The results were compared with the baseline scenario to show the reduced environmental impacts and discuss potential decarbonizing opportunities. Overall, this study offers valuable insights for the policymakers, practitioners and related researchers who are seeking to promote sustainable and cleaner steel production, especially in the developing world. 30cm.

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Sustainable & resilient supplier selection and order allocation /

By Tahir, Usama . . 47p. 30cm.

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Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Aluminum and Steel sheet using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /

By Pal, Abdullah . . 73p. , Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is an incredibly new flexible forming system. ISF has first-rate adaptability to standard milling machines and requires minimum use of complicated tooling, dies and forming press, which makes the process cost-effective and smooth to automate for numerous applications. Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is an advanced forming process used to obtain application specific, customized, symmetric or asymmetric shapes that are required for automobile and aircraft industries for specific purposes. Hemispherical tool used in this forming process consecutively forces the sheet to deform locally and ultimately gives the target profile. Various machining parameters, like forming feed, lubrication and step size are varied to get the best working parameters for the incremental sheet forming. AA-5083 and AISI 1005 grade materials are used for comparison and best results. After validating the Abaqus model with previous work, a material model was ready for both materials. Mesh convergence was done with different element size. Blank sheet is used as a deformable part and tool is used as an analytically rigid part. Hemispherical tip tool used in this forming process consecutively forces the sheet to deform locally and ultimately gives the target profile. Interaction between the tool and sheet is surface to surface with kinematic constraint method. Three boundary conditions were used one for the sheet and two for the tool. Finite element Simulations were done by varying the three process parameters using explicit dynamic analysis and the results were observed. Output parameters were Forming Force in z-axis (RF3), Total Strain energy (ALLIE), External work (ALLWK) and Von Mises stress. Results shows that as the step size increases the forming force, energy and stresses increases. When the feed increases the forming force and stresses decreases whereas the energies increases. In the end, when coefficient of friction increases forming force and stresses decreases. Experimentation will be done in near future to validate the results. 30cm.

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Formability Characterization in Single Point Incremental Forming of Steel Tailor Welded Blanks /

By ATTIQUE, USMAN. . 201,p; 30,cm..

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Optimization of Makespan for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems using Genetic Algorithms /

By Amjad Muhammad Kamal. . 129,P; 30,cm..

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Developing Weighted Triple-Bottom Line Indicators for Pakistani Steel Sustainability: A Delphi Consensus Study /

By Saher, Rida . . 75p. , This research proposes a set of weighted Triple Bottom Line (TBL) indicators that are adapted to the specific issues faced by the Pakistani steel sector. This study tackles the crucial gap in complete sustainability evaluation that exists within the Pakistani steel industry. There is a lack of a standardized framework within the sector for analyzing its environmental, social, and economic policies, even though there are efforts being made to promote sustainability. The Delphi approach is used in this study, which involves the participation of specialists from a wide range of fields to generate a comprehensive set of indicators. The Delphi technique, which is well-known for its capacity to deal with difficult problems, works to ease the formation of agreement among various stakeholders. The research highlights significant indicators, such as the amount of electricity used and the working conditions, so drawing attention to areas that may be improved and providing direction for decision-making. The study throws light on top priority indicators and aspect categories by means of expert consensus and analysis. It also provides significant insights for the purpose of improving sustainable practices in the Pakistani steel sector. This allencompassing approach helps to develop informed decision-making among stakeholders and policymakers, and it adds to a more thorough knowledge of the performance of sustainability. 30cm.

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Formulation of a Capacity Calculation Model for Managing a Discrete Cellular Manafacturing Group Technology Based Product - Mix System

By Chaudhry, Sohaib. . 51p.; 30cm..

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Comparitive Analysis of Gun Chamber Pressure for 7.62x51mm Ammunition using EPVAT System with piezoelectric transducer and copper crusher gauge /

By Zahid, Muhammad Zubir. . xi.91p.; , Hardcover 30cm.

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Optimization of Makespan for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problems using Genetic Algorithms /

By Amjad, Muhammad Kamal. . 150p. , Manufacturing scheduling is one of the most researched areas since its optimality plays an important role in the operation of the shop floor. Manufacturing has a vital contribution in the overall economy of a country as it generates and attracts commercial activities. The whole framework of business has changed in view of the fluctuating global customer demands and fierce opposition from technologically advanced competitors. There is always a pressure on the manufacturer to produce the designed products in the shortest possible time to capture the market. To the challenge of changing product requirements and market demands, flexible manufacturing system is the answer. Flexible job shop is employed to produce a medium variety of products in a medium volume category. In contrast to the conventional job shop, it offers flexibility in performing operations on different machines; hence providing space for the manufacturing planner / scheduler for arranging parts as per corporate requirements. When seen in the context of optimal operation, this setting while offering such great advantage, also poses the scheduler with the decision regarding assignment of operations to available machines in addition to sequencing of operations. In this way, the complexity of the problem grows exponentially even in the small settings of the shop. The flexible job shop scheduling is a NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with regards to complexity and its exact solution requires many lifetimes to reach. Consequently, techniques built around the concepts of artificial intelligence have been popularly used to solve the problem. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of the most attempted and widespread technique from this domain. GA can produce good results of the scheduling problems, however when stuck in the local minima, the algorithm normally fails to escape, and solution quality is badly affected. In this research work, problem is formulated mathematically and insights to a selected benchmark is provided. Problem complexity is then evaluated in a quantitative way through estimation of search space of the selected datasets and an understanding to the actual area of search is developed. Priority rules are then integrated with the GA (GA-PR) to solve the FJSSP. In this regard, competitive modification in the rule has been proposed in addition to the integration scheme. The algorithm is also equipped with adaptive operators which also contribute to its performance. In addition to this a standalone pure GA (GA-IDT) is also proposed to efficiently solve the target problem. An iterative diversification technique is embedded into the proposed algorithm which proficiently manages the intensification and diversification of the population. The efficacy of both algorithms is tested against standard benchmark problems and it is concluded that proposed techniques are competitive with other concepts in literature. 30cm..

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Formability Characterization in Single Point Incremental Forming of Steel Tailor Welded Blanks /

By ATTIQUE, USMAN . . 201p. , Manufacturing industries are seeking for new high strength, lightweight materials along such techniques and designs to optimally utilize these materials to produce quality and reliability in their products while simultaneously reducing cost and weight of the products. Tailor Welded Blanks (TWBs) employ such technique which exploits the advantages of localized strength and less material consumption resulting into lesser part weight. TWBs are largely used in Body-inWhite (BIW) of all modern automobiles. Research was conducted on TWBs produced successfully by manual TIG welding technique. Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is in practice with its several variants using TWBs. Material selected for the study included deep drawing quality (DDQ) steel (DC06) and stainless steel (SS) (AISI 201). Because of huge difference in both strength and hardness values of DDQ steel and SS, low formability was achieved in case of strength differential. Whereas formability achieved in the cases of same thickness and thickness differential were high since strength and hardness values were not varied much. Process parameters also affect formability to a fairly large extent. In case of same thickness, highest formability was achieved at maximum feed rate but minimum speed. In case of thickness differential, highest formability was achieved at minimum values of feed rate, speed and step depth. In case of strength differential, highest formability was achieved at minimum values of speed and step depth. Percentage thinning was used to assess formability achieved. Final thicknesses achieved during forming were verified by Cosine law. TWBs is a complex phenomenon, as compared to finite element modeling of monolithic sheets, which involves modeling of different zones generated due to the heat effect. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) was used as a forming technique for TWBs produced by manual Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and experimental outcomes were compared with simulation results. FE software Abaqus® (Dynamic Explicit Solver) was used for the analysis with variable wall angle truncated pyramid as test geometry and Isotropic plasticity model as material model. Thickness profiles and state of stress and strain in all the cases were analyzed. A decrease in thickness was observed at the corners in all the cases, whereas decrease was more prominent in case of same thickness and strength differential. The symmetry of pattern on both sides with minimum and maximum values of stress towards the thinner side was observed in case of thickness differential. Variation in stress was more prominent towards the side of high-strength material along maximum value in case of strength differential. Equivalent plastic strain observed was more xi linear and higher towards the sides of thicker sheet and material having less strength in case of thickness differential and strength differential, respectively. Research investigations may be applied in similar fashion for precise study of formability characteristics of various kinds of TWBs being used in multiple industries including automotive, vessel, medical, etc. 30cm..

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Failure Analysis of Longeron Fitting via Microstructure Examination and Proposing Viable Mitigation Techniques /

By Shah, Syed Muhammad Wajeeh . . 134p. , This study aims to investigate the failure causes in a longeron fitting of transport aircraft and propose a mitigation strategy to prevent such defects. The study involves two phases to accomplish the desired objective. Firstly, an experimental approach to perform a failure analysis of the longeron fitting. This included techniques such as compositional analysis, stereoscopy for dimensional measurement of cracks, and fractographic analysis through XFR, SEM/EDX to determine the cause of the failure. Microscopic analysis revealed a crack originating from the recess area, which was further investigated to determine the cause of failure. The failure analysis revealed the existence of corrosion products along the recess as a major contributor to crack initiation, which was followed by deposition corrosion, as evidenced by the presence of Oxides and undiffused Silicon particles. To confirm the effect of stress concentration within the given design constraints, reverse engineering methods and numerical analysis were implemented to study the mechanical behavior of the fitting under static loading conditions. Furthermore, the mitigation techniques were developed to prevent corrosion-assisted crack growth by selecting a higher strength-to-weight ratio Al-Li (2195 T8) alloy, with a redesigning the longeron fitting with a larger fillet radius for the longeron fitting results in improvement of mechanical properties along with shifting of stress concentration region from recess edge towards the rear support side. Additionally, corrosion resistive coatings of the specimens with Sulphuric Acid Anodizing (SAA) and Chromic Acid Anodizing (CAA) were subjected to salt spray tests and exposed to a saline environment. The findings of the study suggest that SAA perform best under given conditions as most effective corrosion resistive coating, confirming it to be a comprehensive mitigation approach. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the failure causes of the longeron fitting, which can improve the safety and efficiency of cargo aircraft operations and the risk of downtime and cost of repairs. 30cm.

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STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER BASED HONEYCOMB SANDWICH STRUCTURE MANUFACTURED THROUGH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING /

By AHMAD, FAIZAN ALI . . 122p. , Abstract Honeycomb Sandwich structures are critical components in aviation industry owing to its impressive mechanical properties including strength-to-weight ratio, flexural rigidity etc. With the recent advancement in rapid prototyping, traditional manufacturing techniques for honeycomb manufacturing have limited the possibilities for innovative design. The advent of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), an AM technique, has expanded the design possibilities and holds the potential to improve the functionality of sandwich panels. In the outlined study, polymer (PLA) based honeycomb sandwich structures manufactured with FDM were subjected to variations in their geometrical features; cell size, wall thickness, and core height. These variations were then evaluated for two major mechanical properties: flatwise compressive strength and flexural stiffness of the structure. The study employed a Design of Experiment based on RSMs Central Composite Design. This research optimized FDM process parameters from existing literature to fabricate sandwich structure specimens. Mechanical properties were evaluated using ASTM C365 and C393 standards, and statistical models were developed to relate input variables to responses. The findings showed that cell size and wall thickness significantly impacted compressive strength, while core height had a greater influence on flexural rigidity. Stress-strain and load-deflection curves consistent with literature were obtained. This study demonstrates the importance of optimizing FDM parameters and geometric variables to minimize weight while maintaining structural integrity, contributing to the development of lightweight sandwich structures. 30cm..

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Impact of Processing Parameters on the Quality of Vacuum Formed Products for Different Plastic Sheets /

By SHAH ,ZAKRIA. . 79p. ; , At present, there is a growing tendency among industries to integrate eco-friendly practices to comply with the increasingly stringent environmental standards that are being introduced. In this context, a variety of sustainable machining methods have been investigated with the objective of optimizing processing parameters. The objective of this study is to optimize processing parameters for the manufacturing of plastic sheets using a vacuum-forming process. This method is costeffective and versatile, offering superior surface finishes, reduced manufacturing costs, and increased productivity. It addresses issues that arise from the use of unoptimized parameters, which are typically determined through a process of trial and error or based on the experience of the operator. In this study, the heating temperature, heating time, sheet thickness, and distance between ups were identified as the optimal parameters for optimization. Uniformity and the number of wrinkles were selected as performance assessment attributes. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design plan. It was determined that the thickness of the sheet and the distance between the ups are significant consequences in determining the quality of vacuum-formed parts. The experiments demonstrated that the sheet type, color, and size of the venting hole in the male mold had a negligible impact on the formation of wrinkles. The results of the ANOVA demonstrated that uniformity and the number of wrinkles were significantly influenced by the sheet thickness and distance between ups. The Taguchi analysis identified the optimal process parameters that enhanced the product quality, as evidenced by the results of the conformance tests. Additionally, regression analysis was utilized to predict outcomes and assess the model. The developed regression models are recommended for implementation in manufacturing industries to optimize parameters, reduce material waste, enhance productivity, and improve cost-effectiveness. 30cm..

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