NUST Institutions Library Catalogue Search for 'an:119567'

Enhancing the Oxygen Carrying Capacity of a Fighter Jet Aircraft in Order to Facilitate the Increase in Aircraft Endurance

By Ali, Sharaf. Islamabad : SMME - NUST, 2014 . 87 p. ; 30cm..

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Design and Optimization of a Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine Using Upstream Bluff Bodies /

By Muneeb-Ur-Rehman. . 106p. 30cm.

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Optimization of machining parameters of Nomex honeycomb core for the development of a mesoscale numerical model to predict deformation and failure in core structures /

By Habib, Hassan . . 68cmp. ; 30cm..

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Investigation of Turning Parameter of Machining Inconel 718 /

By Siddique, M. Zeeshan . . 72p. 30cm.

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Laser-based Ultrasonic Assisted Low Speed Micro Milling of Super Alloys /

By Haidary, Yadullah . . 65p. 30cm.

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Analyzing Effects of damping materials on automotive bumper beam assembly under different loading conditions /

By Jan, Dil. . 84p. 30cm.

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Topology Optimization of High-Power Electronics Enclosures using Generative Design & Additive Manufacturing /

By Jamil, Atif . . 63p. 30cm.

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Design and Fabrication of an Automatic Egg Incubator with Controls /

By Siddiqui, Osama Aftab . . 75p. ; 30cm..

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Diffusion Bonding of Ferrous Alloys and their Characterization /

By Muhammad Hussain, Mian . . 73p. ; 30cm..

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Design And Fabrication of FML Composites with High Toughness and Impact Strength /

By Hussain, Syed Hameed. . 123p. 30cm.

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Experimental Investigation of a Mini Turbofan Engine with Respect to Turbojet for its Thrust Modulation /

By Tahir, Hamza. . 59p. 30cm.

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Postural Analysis and Improvement of Laptop Users with Human Factor Engineering in an Academic Environment Using DMAIC Approach /

By Ahmed, Hamza . . 105p. , Sudden shift from face-to-face to distance learning during COVID-19 has increased the use of laptops in academic institutes causing an increase in the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to awkward sitting postures. This research article aims to use DMAIC approach to assess the risk of MSDs. A novel Ergo-DMAIC framework has been developed to evaluate the working postures ergonomically using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (NMDQ), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and HumanCAD®. The NMDQ results revealed that about 90% of the selected population (approximately 500 participants) has symptoms of MSDs. Similarly, the average RULA and REBA scores are 4.4 and 7, respectively, indicating a medium risk level that needs action. RULA and REBA scores are validated using HumanCAD® biomechanical stress analysis. The stress analysis results for both genders give an average stress ratio value greater than 1 for the head, arm, and thorax regions, indicating the danger zone. The thorax is the most affected region, with the highest average stress ratios calculated 8.2 and 10.3 for males and females, respectively. The improved workstation design results indicate a significant stress ratio reduction (i.e., > 50%) by achieving the neutral sitting posture. Furthermore, academicians, practitioners, and researchers may contribute to exploring the applied framework in other working organizations, as this study considered only educational institutes. 30cm.

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Empirical Study and Analysis Of Manufacturing Industry in Pakistan to Improve Cycle Time /

By Aziz Dar, Muhammad Talha. . 83p. , The Cement industry in Pakistan stands as a vital pillar of economic development, significantly contributing to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing substantial employment opportunities. However, it faces persistent challenges that hinder its growth and competitiveness, notably extended cycle times in various Cement processes. Cycle time, measuring the duration from raw material acquisition to finished product delivery, profoundly impacts operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Prolonged cycle times result in elevated production costs, excessive inventory, extended lead times, and a reduced ability to respond to market dynamics. This empirical study delves into the issue of extended cycle times within Pakistan's Cement sector and explores strategies for improvement, particularly focusing on the implementation of Just-inTime (JIT) principles. JIT, a renowned production philosophy, emphasizes waste reduction, smaller batch sizes, efficient inventory management, and continuous process enhancement. The study reveals that Cement companies in Pakistan generally favour batch sizes categorized as "Small" to "Large" and prefer a "Process Layout." While employing a combination of inventory management techniques, the industry exhibits variability in practices. Companies anticipate challenges such as production bottlenecks, inefficient process flows, and resistance to change during JIT implementation. The implications of this research extend to customized JIT adoption strategies, effective change management, lean inventory practices, and a commitment to continuous improvement. By addressing these challenges and embracing JIT principles, the Cement industry in Pakistan can enhance operational efficiency, reduce cycle times, and remain competitive in the global market. This study contributes valuable insights to the field of Cement and JIT implementation, offering recommendations that can drive efficiency improvements and support economic development in Pakistan 30cm.

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Modeling Unsteady Squeeze Behavior Based Piston Lubrication In Engine Start-Up Conditions /

. 140p. ;

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Strategic Design of Multi Echelon Distribution Network /

By Ahmed, Abrar . . 54p. ; 30cm..

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Modeling the Non-Newtonian Engine Oil Behavior in 1st Compression Ring Lubrication /

. 114p. ; , Advancements in engine design have necessitated use of synthetic, multi-grade engine lubricants to reduce engine friction and wear and enhance its operational life. The modern multi-grade oils exhibit the non-Newtonian characteristics which are beneficial for an effective lubrication of the engines and industrial machinery. In the internal combustion engines, the piston ring assembly is a crucial component of the power plant. In the four stroke cycle the 1st compression ring is an important part of the piston ring pack which sustains the main combustion thrust directly. It is vulnerable to all forms of dynamic loads during the extreme and unusual engine operating conditions. When an engine starts up, the 1stcompression ring is most vulnerable to wear due to the absence of a fully established Elastohydrodynamic Lubricating (EHL) film. In this context, the viscoelastic behavior of anon Newtonian lubricant may contribute towards preventing wear of the interacting surfaces of the top ring and the cylinder liner. Role of oil behavior to minimize adhesive wear of piston skirt and liner surfaces during engine start up conditions under ideal conditions have yet to be properly modeled and thoroughly investigated. This calls for proper investigative research to model rheological behavior of non-Newtonian engine lubricants with particular focus on initial engine start up conditions. This research work will numerically model the hydrodynamic and Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) of the 1st compression ring by considering the Newtonian and Non-Newtonian lubricant characteristics for comparative analysis. The secondary dynamics of the piston will be incorporated in the models at the different engine startup speeds, lubricant viscosities and radial clearances for optimum solutions. 30cm..

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Preparation and Characterization of Pure Pla Filament and Pbat-Reinforced Pla Filament For Fdm 3d Printing /

By Naeem Ul Hassan. . 77p. , This study focuses on preparing pure polylactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate –coterephthalate (PBAT)-reinforced PLA filaments. PLA and PBAT are biodegradable aliphatic polyesters and have recently received considerable attentions. Due to its brittle nature, PLA has limited application in various fields. To overcome this challenge, numerous efforts have been made to incorporate various additives to enhance its performance. In this work, pure PLA filament and PBAT-reinforced PLA filament with diameter 1.75 ± 0.02 mm were prepared in the lab. Their thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed and compared with the commercial PLA filament bought from the market. Following the previous research works and suggestions of incorporating no more than 10 wt.% PBAT, we have mixed 8 wt.% PBAT into the PLA mixture. We then proceeded to extrude pure PLA and PBAT-reinforced PLA filaments at a temperature range of 170 oC to 180 oC, utilizing single screw extruder. Next, we printed tensile and flexural specimens using an FDM 3D printer, in accordance with Taguchi L9 OA. Due to PBAT’s high ductility, 92-8 wt.% PLA-PBAT filament demonstrated a significant increase in elongation at break, reaching up to 12%. Likewise, the PLA-PBAT filament displayed tensile and flexural strengths of up to 48.34 MPa and 107.295 MPa respectively. These values are comparable to the tensile and flexural strengths of pure PLA, which is a great indication that the addition of 8 wt.% PBAT did not cause any unacceptable reduction in the tensile and flexural strengths. Additionally, it was found through DSC analysis that PLA-PBAT filament exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity (Xc) of up to 38.7%, which is significantly higher than that of pure extruded PLA. Furthermore, the TGA curve indicated that thermal stability of PLA-PBAT filament was improved by adding 8 wt.% PBAT. Moreover, digital microscopy results revealed that PLA-PBAT filament had a ductile fracture after necking, whereas pure PLA had a brittle fracture. Lastly, statistical analysis showed that both material type and layer thickness had significant impact on the results. The addition of this new PLA-PBAT filament provides an additional alternative to the current FDM filaments, and it will aid in reducing the constraints of the materials when it comes to additive manufacturing (AM) progress. 30cm.

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Digital Manufacturing of Patterns for Casting through Rapid Prototyping (RP) Technologies /

. 87p. ; , Sand Casting is very old technique for casting metal parts. In this process a pattern is made which is a replica of the desired part. The pattern is placed in a box and curing sand is poured around it. After curing of sand, pattern is detached so that replica is imprinted in the sand. Then metal in molten form is added into the hollow portion and desired part is obtained after cooling. The process is cheap and incorporates all kinds of metals, however, the correctness of the final part is primarily dependent on the correctness of the pattern itself. Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a collection of contemporary manufacturing methods which create the part straight from Computer Aided Design (CAD) model using layer-by-layer deposition technique. The CAD model is first sliced and each cross section of the CAD model is used as a guide to deposit material at the desired location. The RP process varies with the technology being used. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been of significance importance because of its precision and overall time reduction in product development process. Moreover, a prototype can be developed to know the functioning of the actual part which gives flexibility to designers to vary the design to eliminate the inaccuracies. A case study was undertaken in this research work in collaboration with KSB Pumps Hassan Abdal, Pakistan. KSB pumps are a well renowned manufacturers of pumps for variety of applications. The company was facing problem in one of their pumps named ‘Sewatec 250-401’ whose performance (efficiency) was not up to the desired standards. The impeller of the pump was being manufactured through manual pattern making and sand casting techniques. After detailed study of the manufacturing process of the said pump, it was observed that the vane of said impeller was manufactured in a crude way leading to doubts in its accuracy. Therefore, it was decided that the vane of this pump will be manufactured replacing existing manual pattern making with RP patterns and performance of the new and old pumps will be compared. The pump manufactured using RP technique showed higher efficiency (83.6% efficiency) as compared to the one manufactured using manual patterns (74% efficiency) and met all performance standards (82% efficiency). The manufacturing through RP reduced the overall cost of the manufacturing by 1/8th and considerably reduced the time to manufacture (by 11 weeks). 30cm..

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Modeling Simulation & Analysis Of Surface Roughness Effects on Piston Skirt Elastohydynamic Lubrication (EHL) Initial Engine Startups /

By Gulzar, Mubashir . . 128p. ; 30cm. .

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Analysis of Existing Assembly Line for Manufacturing of Wheeled Security Vehicle (Mohafiz-II) in APC Factory and Propose a Re-configured Assembly Path /

By ATTIQUE, USMAN . , Assembly line of Wheeled Security Vehicle (MUHAFIZ) has been studied to analyze and evaluate the present system of manufacturing the vehicle with a view to balance the assembly line, eliminate wastes, reduce balance delay, increase production rate and improve line efficiency through a novel approach of coding into Tomlab(optimization software).To achieve optimized result, precedence among tasks was carefully determined. Next the grouping of tasks was done by assigning optimal number of operators with parallel consideration of space constraint. Tomlab code was then run on this carefully calculated grouping of tasks in line with precedence relations. Substantial increase in line efficiency with far better balanced station times were achieved by the adopted methodology. The approach can be applied at line balancing problems ranging from few to hundreds of work elements to achieve minimum cycle time with far less computational effort. SIMUL-8 has been used as simulation software to validate the optimization achieved through Tomlab since implementation was only possible after validating the results. By using SIMUL-8, visual model of the system/process can be drawn directly on the computer screen. Whole technique resulted in 62% reduction in assembly time, 70% reduction in idle time, 58% reduction in cycle time and 11% reduction in number of operators. Line efficiency was increased from 45% to 73%. 30cm..

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Process Optimization in Single Point Incremental Forming in Particular Reference to Tool size and Sheet Thickness /

By Khan, Hamid Raza . . 77p. ; , Many new manufacturing processes, such as hydroforming, laser forming, water jet forming and incremental forming, and were introduced in the last decade. However, owing to high flexibility, the single-point incremental forming (SPIF) process has attained a great attention. Single-point incremental forming (SPIF) is relatively a novel sheet forming process to produce small lots with low cost. It has potential to replace conventional sheet forming processes in order to produce small batches at low cost and in short delivery time. This study is focused on the formability in SPIF. A new test to evaluate maximum wall angle, a formability measure, in SPIF was used. This test makes use of geometry whose wall angle continuously increases from 0o to 90o along the depth. Therefore, the test specimen, depending upon the thinning limit of sheet, fractures somewhere between 0o and 90o. This enables the new test to provide maximum wall angle using single specimen and renders it promising over the existing test in which a series of specimen is required to be formed. In this thesis guidelines for tool size selection to maximize the spif-ability (i.e., formability in SPIF) of an aerospace grade alloy (AA-2024) are presented. The role of tool size, with respect to sheet thickness employed, on the formability in SPIF (i.e., spifability) is clarified. The response surface method is employed in order to study the significance of sheet thickness (to) and tool radius (r) on the spifability. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the sheet thickness and tool radius are not significant individually, however, a strong interaction between these parameters exists. Moreover, for a particular sheet thickness, there exists only one r/to value at which the spifability can be maximized under a given set of conditions. Furthermore, for a given sheet thickness, if a tool with radius lesser than a particular value is used (i.e., r/to≤2) the material squeezes out from the tool/sheet interface. And, such a condition adversely affects the material spifability. In order to know facts behind experimental findings, FEA using LS-DYNA has also been carried out. 30cm. .

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Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Melt Pool in Selective Laser Melting of Ss316l /

By Khan, Ahsan . . 98p. , The additive manufacturing technology Selective laser melting (SLM) also referred as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a technique that can produce intricate metallic parts in 3D. However, maintaining an accurate surface finish and shape can be difficult because of the dynamic thermal cycles of melting and solidification. To produce high-quality products, it is essential to maintain the dynamic stability of melt pool in SLM. This requires studying the temperature distribution and thermal behaviour within the pool. In this study, a Finite Element Modelling (FEM) approach that was experimentally verified was utilized to precisely ascertain the thermal profiles and dimensions of the molten pool. To investigate the impact of different process variables on the shape of the pool during the selective laser melting (SLM) of SS316L powder, a transient model was employed. A FEM model was proposed to evaluate the temperature gradient and characteristics of the molten pool during SLM, with laser penetration depth also taken into account. The proposed heat source model was calibrated with data from the literature. The FEM model was subsequently adjusted and validated through further experimentation to ensure that it accurately predicts the melt pool dimensions and temperature profiles. The model findings were consistent with the experimental data, and the effects of interlayer and intertrack were examined. For each layer and track, the molten pool depth, width, and length of the and the temperature distribution were assessed, and the findings were analyzed for each variable. The FEM model had relative errors of 1.88%, 1.49%, and 2.12% for the predicted melt pool length, width, and depth, respectively, compared to the experimental measurements, for a range of optimal parameters. 30cm.

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Process Optimization by Multiscale Modeling to Minimize Residual Stress in Powder Bed Fusion /

By Dilawar, Shakeel . . 134p. , Metal additive manufacturing often uses powder bed fusion (PBF), a renowned technology that selectively fuses metal powder particles in a bed using a laser or electron beam to create threedimensional objects. The metal powder exposed to the laser undergoes enormous temperature and phase change variations in a short period of time during PBF, resulting in undesired thermal stresses known as residual stresses. To quantify these stresses, the bridge curvature method (BCM) was applied. Multiscale modelling using adaptive coarsening was used to predict distortions based on experimentally validated models. Taguchi and Response Surface Method (TM and RSM) were used to minimize residual stress in stainless steel 316L. Based on optimal parametric results for minimal residual stress from part-scale simulation and statistical techniques, the parts were printed avoiding costly experiments. There was a minimum 8% error between optimized predicted and experimental results. The approach used was critical in lowering computational printing expense. The effects of individual parameters and their combinations in terms of energy density on residual stress were also analyzed. The relationship between residual stress, hatch spacing, scanning speed, and power in metal additive manufacturing can be characterized by an initial increase in residual stress, followed by a decrease as hatch spacing and scanning speed are increased, while power is also increased. The effect of beam diameter is very nominal and diminishes in comparison with energy density parameters. 30cm.

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Micromachining of Inconel 600 /

By Iqbal, Wajid . . 76p. , Today, various industries has increased their demand of miniature components as time advances. As a result it opens a gateway for researcher towards micromanufacturing in the field of aerospace, nuclear, telecom and biomedical sector. Nickle-based alloys possess high tensile strength, strong corrosionresistance and low thermal conductivity having sufficient use in a wide range of temperature application. These alloys are considered as difficult-to-machine material for their low machinability rating. In this research Inconel 600 was selected as workpiece material. Micromachining were performed upto 20 mm length with different combination of machining parameters like feed/tooth, cutting speed, depth of cut, and cooling conditions using orthogonal L9 array. Two-flute, un-coated Tungsten carbide cutter of 0.5 mm diameter were used in experiment. Results were analyzed through analysis of variance to see influence of these parameters on burr generation, tool flank wear, and surface roughness. Results shows that small DOC, high feed rate and high cutting velocity at dry condition results small burr formation with compromise on surface quality and tool wear. Similarly small DOC, low feed rate and high cutting velocity at MQL condition results low surface roughness with compromise on burr formation. Minimum tool wear was observed at low (cutting velocity, feed rate, and DOC) using MQL as cooling method. Optimum parameters has been established using response optimization to get output response as minimum. In future, same procedure can be adopted to replace uncoated tool with coated tool and observe it effect on output response. 30cm.

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Effect of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of UV Resin in Stereo Lithography /

By Asim, Muhammad . . 72p. , Stereo lithography, which is mostly use for rapid tooling applications, is the earliest technique developed for rapid prototyping. It converts CAD models directly into real parts, which offers the considerable benefit of shorter lead times and less waste. Layer thickness, build orientation, exposure time, and other process variables all affect the strength of part produced via masked stereo lithography. This work aims to identify, investigate and maximize the influence of process variable on the part produce by Anycubic Dental non castable resin in Anycubic Photon S LCD SL printer. To do this, L9 orthogonal array designed using the Taguchi method has been developed, which lowers the number of experimental runs compared to other approaches. In addition, an empirical regression model linking part strength and process variables such layer thickness, build orientation, and exposure time was created. Prior to physically fabricating the item, this process model may forecast the amount of strength that can be attained for the specified set of process parameters. Additionally, the model demonstrates how strength is dependent on the specified process parameters, which is particularly beneficial for technical individuals like designers, engineers, and RP machine users. 30cm.

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Effects of graphene oxide dispersions on the properties of 3D printed polymer nanocomposites /

By Riaz, Fahad. . 70p. , This study reports on the synthesis of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)- graphene oxide nanocomposites for 3D printing applications. PEGDA-graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by the solution casting method. Herein, we report a facile approach of probe sonication for better dispersion of graphene within the polymer matrix. Moreover, the effect of the dispersion of GO on the mechanical properties of 3D printed nanocomposites samples of tensile (ASTM D638 type IV) and compression (ASTM D695) was studied with different dispersion parameters following the Taguchibased design of experiment. Testing and microscopic analysis indicate that the optimum concentration of GO, sonication time, and sonication amplitude is (0.05%wt, 30min, 70%). Tensile strength increases 60% while the compression strength increases to 62%. The young’s modulus increased from 1.47 MPa to 7.0 MPa. Both the tensile and compression strength first increase and then decrease gradually with different dispersion parameters and also decreased by increasing GO concentration. The results are further supported by microscopic analysis and tested samples. 30cm.

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APU Design and Project Scheduling /

By Mahmood, Hamid. . 139p. ; , In manufacturing industry, projects require large amount of money and human effort. But due to project complexity, many projects get delayed and cost overrun puts the progress of project at stake. It is at the core of project failure in terms of cost and time overruns. In defense industries, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) has been designed to meet the requirements of the Power & Energy. NPS provides 10kW at 24VDC Power output. It ensures about system performance as identified and documented in adequate detail to support project objective. In a developing country like Pakistan; manufacturing of APU has never been practiced to its full potential to cope with power demand, which halts its implementation and continuous development. The overall objective of the researcher is to make process documents, Production plan for the manufacture of 10 KW Auxiliary power unit. This research attempts to develop a comprehensive Designing docs, Process planning and Production facility layout for manufacturing of non-rotary parts, scheduling and rout plans/sheets for the manufacturing of APU in Pakistan defense industry. A comprehensive and novel scheduling/planning on management tool of each manufacturing activity to shape this raw non- rotary material/item from raw form to finish product including processes planning and facility setup for their production on individual part basis and assemble them with Alternator Generator package finally to make a APU unit. Furthermore research is also carried out on supporting systems like Supply Chain Management, Logistics, Depreciation & Costing and Project Management & scheduling. After this research we will be able to make our own power units rather purchasing from other countries. It would help industry practitioners for achieving excellence in the implementation and continuous development of APU. Use of Project Management tool to visualize the manufacturing phases and activity relationship. Conclusions are drawn and practical implications are discussed. 30cm..

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Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Glass Manufacturing In Pakistan /

By Khan, Muhammad Usman Ali . . 76p. , The production of glass packaging requires a lot of energy and resources, and as the world's population rises, particularly in emerging nations, so does the demand for glass packaging. Although developing nations are also suffering from the effects of climate change, there is relatively little study on environmental impact assessment and analysis, notably the environmental impacts brought on by the activities related to glass manufacturing. This work conducted a thorough life cycle assessment (LCA) for the production of glass packaging in Pakistan in order to close this research gap of quantification of the environmental impacts of glass packaging production. The LCA was carried out for three distinct types of glass packaging solutions (amber, flint, and green), considering 1-ton of glass as the functional unit. The creation of several scenarios allowed for the analysis of the effects and the generation of ideas for ways to lessen the negative effects of glass manufacture on the environment. The study's methodology used a cradle-to-gate approach. From the perspective of the life cycle inventory, the main data were gathered from a renowned glass industry situated in one of Pakistan's designated industrial zones, and the secondary data were obtained from the Ecoinvent database. Environmental impacts were measured at midpoint and endpoint levels utilizing the ReCiPe 2016 approach and SimaPro V 9.2 as the software tool. Results indicated that the extraction and processing of raw material had worse impacts on the environment. At plant level the consumption of natural gas for the melting purposes and electricity consumed from national grid had highest impacts on the environment. The comparison of three packaging solutions indicated that the production of green glass was more harmful to the environment, followed by the production of amber glass and flint glass came out to be more environmentally friendly among the three packaging solutions. The alternative scenarios were generated by changing the energy-mix and the cullet ratios and the results were compared with the baseline scenarios for different midpoint and endpoint impact categories. The alternative scenarios for the energy mix were also compared for different kinds of emissions to air especially the greenhouse gas emissions. The report also identified a number of significant implications. This study may serve as a guide for future research on the environmental impact of the glass packaging industry, particularly in Pakistan and other developing nations. In this sense, developing nations would work toward net-zero emissions and sustainable development goals 30cm.

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Enviornmrntal Impact Assessment Of Cutlery Manufacturing In Pakistan /

By Aqib, Muhammad. . 64p. , The world's manufacturing industries are under tremendous pressure to meet the demands of a growing number of people due to the rapid increase in population. Manufacturing sectors are essential to the development of any country, but they also have a significant negative impact on the environment. Because of its heat-resistant and thermosetting properties, melamine material is making a lasting impression in many manufacturing industries, even though there are health concerns related to it. It is necessary to conduct systematic measurements in order to evaluate and lessen these environmental repercussions. Therefore, a thorough environmental evaluation was conducted for a cutlery manufacturing facility located in Pakistan in order to close this study gap. SimaPro 9.5 was employed as the modeling software tool, and different midpoint and endpoint impacts were assessed using ReCipe 2016 techniques. The findings showed that compared to other manufacturing processes, injection molding had the greatest environmental impact. With values of 11.8 kg CO2 eq. and 12.0 kg 1,4- DCB, respectively, global warming and terrestrial ecotoxicity were the impact categories most impacted. The human health category suffered more damage at the endpoint level than others. Four distinct alternative scenarios were generated based on energy transition and technical process intervention. These scenarios were examined for their effects on the environment as well as for economic performance. In the first alternative scenario, the injection procedure was carried out using a double-cavity mold rather than a single-cavity mold. For a number of effect categories, this intervention reduced the impact by more than 30% when compared to the baseline scenario. The effects of global warming were decreased to 8.1 kg CO2 equivalent. Three more options were based on using an injection mold with a double or single cavity and either 50% or 100% solar energy. All things considered, the combination of 50% solar energy and double-cavity mold proved to be the most advantageous of the four possible situations. This alternative demonstrated a payback period of less than three years, a net present value of 21.8 million PKRs, and a reduction of more than 50% in most of the effect areas. 30cm.

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Design & Development of a Concrete 3D Printer /

By Changez, Kashif . . 79p. , This research focuses on designing and developing a concrete 3D printer which uses the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. The primary objective of this thesis is to introduce 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technology in Pakistan to address the housing challenges and providing cost-effective efficient construction solutions. This research aims to contribute to the construction industry by proposing a conceptual design, fabricating a 3D printer, investigating different concrete mixes, evaluating performance of the developed printer, and employing recycled and agro-based materials to the mixture to make it sustainable. This technology holds the potential to revolutionize the construction industry, reduce labor costs and injuries, and use raw materials efficiently which will positively impact the region’s economy. The study also explores the intricate relationship between different concrete additives and their influence on the mechanical strength of 3D printable concrete (3DPC). By emphasizing the importance of balancing printability, strength, and evaluating specific additives such as Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Rice Husk Ash, Crushed Recycled Concrete, and Crushed Recycled glass, this research provides valuable insights about the basis on which a material mixture must be designed for 3D printing (3DP). Also, by employing superplasticizer and viscosity modifying admixture, the research comprehensively analyzes the flow properties of fresh 3DPC and the strength performance of water-cured samples at day 7 and 28. The significance of early-stage strength development and sustainability considerations empowers this research to contributes to the existing discourse surrounding 3DCP technology, paving the way for an additive-enriched formulation that harmonizes printability, structural performance, and environmental responsibility. 30cm.

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Impact analysis of the Cement Manufacturing Industry to Reduce Health & Enviromental Issues in Pakistan /

By Khan, Muhammad Ahtsham. . 68p. 30cm.

Place Hold on Impact analysis of the Cement Manufacturing Industry to Reduce Health & Enviromental Issues in Pakistan /

Analysis Of Micro Milling Cutting Parameters & Tool Wear Of Titanium Alloy (Ti-3al-2.5v) Machining /

By Khan, Muhammad Ayyaz . . 90p. , With exigent demand, and requirement of miniature products in medical, aerospace, and electronic industry, it is growing need to introduce new low cost, high quality, and high accuracy process capable of producing miniature products. Despite of many advantages and very suitable process for miniature devices, there are still some challenges in micro- milling. Formation of burr is one of the major problems which is being faced in micro milling. Extensive research has been conducted to minimize its formation. Titanium alloys possesses excellent properties which make them first choice for medical & aerospace applications. Titanium grade-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy abounds in literature for most of the applications but there are some applications, where due to excellent properties of titanium grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V), it becomes an attractive choice for precision production applications i.e., pacemaker in medical and honeycomb in advanced aerospace applications. The current work in this research study aimed to analyze the influence of various process parameters of micro milling operation on the surface quality, burr formation and tool flank wear in micro machining of titanium grade 9. Three levels of each process parameter were taken into consideration. Process parameters were statistically analyzed by employing ANOVA (analysis of variance) for key process parameters. Results of this study show that feed rate is major factor influencing the surface roughness & burr formation with contribution ratio of 62.96 % & 54.05 % respectively, whereas cutting speed and depth of cut were also significant factors for surface roughness with contribution ratio of 20.32 % & 9.27 % while contribution of these two parameters for burr width stood at 21.63 % & 10.91% respectively. Cutting speed is major influencing factor for tool flank wear with contribution ratio of 54.02 % while feed rate contribution stood at 33.18 %. Depth of cut found insignificant factor for tool flank wear. Feed rate was only significant factor in length of burr with contribution ratio of 45.14%. Confirmation tests were conducted at optimum parameters which showed minimum value of burr width, length, surface roughness and tool flank wear. 30cm.

Place Hold on Analysis Of Micro Milling Cutting Parameters & Tool Wear Of Titanium Alloy (Ti-3al-2.5v) Machining /

Experimentation and Validation of Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Different Metal Sheets Using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /

By Pasha, Muhammad Taqveem Ahsan . . 52p. , An ever increasing demand of manufactured products calls for new manufacturing techniques that are cost effective and efficient. The global population is at an unprecedented rise and anticipating an increased demand for efficient, cheap and durable vehicles as well as automobile parts is nothing but obvious. With a population of over 216 million people, Pakistan stands 5thin the global ranking population wise. The population boom in Pakistan is growing at the rate of about 1.8pc a year, which, when extrapolated to the year 2030, brings out a staggering figure of 240 million people. With little growth in the industrial sector of Pakistan, the local market is forced to import goods for the Pakistani consumer. This presents the businesses and manufacturers all over the world a great opportunity to attract a huge mass of potential buyers in the Pakistani market. However, being a struggling economy, the import culture immensely upsets the balance of imports and exports of Pakistan. The purpose of this research is to promote a cost effective means of manufacturing for the local firms in order to counter the huge influx of imports. Novel techniques will not only promote the culture of research and development in the country, but will also enable the local manufacturers to explore options to fulfil the demand in the local market and provide opportunities for indigenous talent to play their part in the economic development of the nation. Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a relatively new technique of sheet metal forming. It is a die-less process that shapes the metal sheet in incremental steps for precision and accuracy. The process is relatively simple; a tool path is generated in accordance with the CAD model, the metal sheet is subjected to forming force via computer numeric controlled tool in presence of a lubricant. Once the tool completes its path, the sheet is formed in the desired shape. The materials used in this research are procured from the local market of Pakistan, hence suggesting the automakers over here to try new lines of manufacturing that uses indigenous materials to minimize imports. This study is based on the incremental formability of two materials; Al 5083 and Low Carbon Steel (0.04% Carbon). Both materials are readily available in the local market. The research targets the results of ABAQUS simulations run on the aforementioned materials to experimentally verify them and see their applicability on the practical sid. 30cm.

Place Hold on Experimentation and Validation of Analytical Modeling and Finite Element Simulation of Different Metal Sheets Using Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) /

Design and Development of a Stamping Die for a Sheet Metal Part at 100-ton Press Machine /

By Tariq ,Abdul Wahab . . 72p. ; 33cm.

Place Hold on Design and Development of a Stamping Die for a Sheet Metal Part at 100-ton Press Machine /

TOOL WEAR ANALYSIS DURING HIGH SPEED MACHINING OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY /

By Umair, Muhammad . . 60p. ; 33cm..

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SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND CHIP FORMATION ANALYSIS DURING SINGLE POINT CNC MACHINING OF TITANIUM ALLOY /

By Ali ,Ahsen . . 74p. ; 33cm..

Place Hold on SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND CHIP FORMATION ANALYSIS DURING SINGLE POINT CNC MACHINING OF TITANIUM ALLOY /

Optimization of a Two Sided Assembly Line using Genetic Algorithm & Discrete Event Simulation /

By Jahanzaib ,Muhammad . . 88p. ; 33cm..

Place Hold on Optimization of a Two Sided Assembly Line using Genetic Algorithm & Discrete Event Simulation /

Optimization of Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Using Response Surface Method Under Different Fluidic Conditions \

By Rehman, Zubair Ur . . 98p. ; 33cm..

Place Hold on Optimization of Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Using Response Surface Method Under Different Fluidic Conditions \

Detailed study for Finding Optimum Values for different Parameters using Simulation and Experimentation for Investment Casting Process /

By Faraz, Ahmad. . 92p. ; 33cm..

Place Hold on Detailed study for Finding Optimum Values for different Parameters using Simulation and Experimentation for Investment Casting Process /

Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Multi-layer thermoplastics using Kevlar- An Experimental Study /

By Naveed, Ali Bin . . 82p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Multi-layer thermoplastics using Kevlar- An Experimental Study /

EFFECT OF CARBON FIBRE ON REINFORCEMENT OF THERMOPLASTICS USING FDM AND RSM /

By Ch ,M Fausz Naeem . 30cm..

Place Hold on EFFECT OF CARBON FIBRE ON REINFORCEMENT OF THERMOPLASTICS USING FDM AND RSM /

Analysis of fracture point of notched specimen of Aluminum 1050/T6 alloy using multiple parameters /

By LATIF, ASIM. . 63p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on Analysis of fracture point of notched specimen of Aluminum 1050/T6 alloy using multiple parameters /

USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODLING TO CAPTURE AND SIMULATE IN AN ALTERNATE ARRANGEMENT FOR AN AIRSHIP FLIGHT DYNAMICS /

By RASHID, KHURRAM. . 110p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODLING TO CAPTURE AND SIMULATE IN AN ALTERNATE ARRANGEMENT FOR AN AIRSHIP FLIGHT DYNAMICS /

Design and Development Of 3D Sand Mold Printer For Rapid Casting /

By ASGHAR, ARSLAN . . 62p. ; 30cm..

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Material Characterization of Laser Remelted Aluminium Alloy for Improvement in Fatigue Life /

By Nooman, Umer Bin . . 101p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on Material Characterization of Laser Remelted Aluminium Alloy for Improvement in Fatigue Life /

Material Characterization of Laser Remelted Aluminium Alloy for Improvement in Fatigue Life /

By Nooman, Umer Bin . . 101p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on Material Characterization of Laser Remelted Aluminium Alloy for Improvement in Fatigue Life /

Modeling and Validation of Friction stir welding for similar and dissimilar alloys using ABAQUS /

By MUSHTAQ ,ATTIYA. . 44p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on Modeling and Validation of Friction stir welding for similar and dissimilar alloys using ABAQUS /

Design and Fabrication of 3-DOF Dynamometer for Measuring Cutting Forces during Milling of Al Based Aerospace Alloy /

By Sharif, Aman . . 42p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on Design and Fabrication of 3-DOF Dynamometer for Measuring Cutting Forces during Milling of Al Based Aerospace Alloy /

Experimental Investigation of Energy Harvesting Eel in the Wake of Bluff Body under Ocean Waves /

By Ali , Ehtisham. 30cm..

Place Hold on Experimental Investigation of Energy Harvesting Eel in the Wake of Bluff Body under Ocean Waves /

WAY FORWARD FOR IMPROVEMENT AND RELIABILITY FOR PN DOCKYARD FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY /

By NIAZI, QAISAR AMIR KHAN. . 60p. ; 30cm..

Place Hold on WAY FORWARD FOR IMPROVEMENT AND RELIABILITY FOR PN DOCKYARD FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY /