NUST Institutions Library Catalogue Search for 'an:124861'

Intelligent and Programmable Natural Drug based Eluting System for Coronary Heart Disease /

By GHAFOOR, BAKHTAWAR . . 225p. , The Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main cause of CVDs is the abnormal activation of biomechanical and biochemical reactions leading to the development of atherosclerosis. Currently, drug eluting stent is the attractive treatment option available to treat the CVDs, but improvements are still needed to further reduce the incidence of in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. Therefore, the present research focuses on developing novel natural drug loaded polymeric coatings for the application of coronary stents. For this purpose, different molecular weights of poly-vinyl alcohol were used as drug carriers, and natural therapeutic agents, curcumin, magnolol and ginger, were chosen as drugs. The polymer and drug loaded films were initially synthesized using the solvent casting method followed by extensive in-vitro analysis, including drug release, degradation, antioxidant, anti-platelet, clot lysis, anti-coagulation, and hemolytic activity. The in-vitro testing was done to assess the effect of drug and polymer interactions on the pharmaceutical properties of the drug, the release profile and the degradation behavior of the polymer. Subsequently, a suitable coating technique was selected to coat the best-suited drug/polymer composition onto the stent surface through an ultrasonic spray coating machine for cardiovascular application. Later, the natural drug loaded stent's drug release and degradation behavior were studied to establish a baseline for its future use. The observations and results obtained in the current research suggested that the synthesized natural drug loaded polymeric coatings have the potential to be used as a treatment option for cardiovascular diseases. This extensively studied drug delivery prototype may open new ventures for researchers to explore its prospects in the in-vitro, preclinical, and clinical settings 30cm..

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Development Of Novel Diagnostic Angiographic Catheter, Evaluation of Its Efficacy, Precision, And Ease of Application /

By Inam, Hafsa . . 220p. , Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, accounting for approximately onethird of all deaths. The prevalence of coronary disease continues to rise, resulting in increased mortality rates and escalating healthcare costs. The gold standard for diagnosing coronary blockages and recommending therapeutic interventions is angiography. Currently, braided reinforced shafts are the most common construction material for catheters used in angiographic procedures. However, recent research has focused on the development of laser-cut reinforced shaft catheters. The aim of this study was to assess the potential usage of laser-cut reinforced shaft-based angiographic catheters for coronary angiographic procedures by analyzing their design, performance, and behaviour. The commercially available state-of-the-art angiographic catheters comprise of braidedreinforced shafts, while the laser-cut reinforced shaft technique has never been used to develop angiographic catheters despite its potential to reduce the wall thickness and consequently the profile of the catheters without compromising pushability and flexibility. Therefore, the objective of this study was twofold: (I) designing and manufacturing a laser-cut metallic reinforced shaft in a novel way and (II) configuring this novel laser-cut metallic shaft as a lasercut reinforced angiography catheter to improve the existing state-of-the-art (braided catheter) by reducing profile (wall-thickness), enhancing flow rate, flexural and tensile strength, and decreasing pushability force required. The developed laser-cut angiographic catheter (having an outer diameter of 2.00 mm) has a wall thickness of 0.2 mm which is approximately 33% less than that of the commercially available braided catheters (having a wall thickness of 0.3mm). Furthermore, the pushability force analysis results prove that laser-cut reinforced shaft catheter exerts a minimal resistive force (625g) which is approximately 1/3rd times less than that of the braided catheter. Needless to mention that the novel Laser-cut catheter exhibits 2x more tensile strength than the commercially available braided catheter. The fabrication route employed in this study also increased the catheter's hydrophilicity (contact angle of 71.3°); as a result, an additional hydrophilic coating is not required. The outcome of the comparative analysis, based on the results obtained from the manufacturing route and bench testing, clearly shows that the laser cutting method is an effective and rapid way of producing flexible, lower-profile reinforced shaft. It is also established that the use of this method to produce flexible lower profile reinforced shaft will overcome the problem of compromised radial strength during a diagnostic procedure xxvii and would help maintain continuous ovality throughout. Therefore, the developed laser-cut reinforced catheter may potentially be used as the next state-of-the-art angiographic catheter after further in vivo and clinical testing. 30cm..

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Bifunctional and Synergic Surface Modifications of Biomedical Implants for Improved Biocompatibility /

By Hassan, Sadia . . 381p. , Background: Development and fabrication of medical implants to monitor or treat the damaged or missing body part is becoming an important field of biomedicine because of increasing aged population which is more susceptible to chronic diseases. Tissue damage occurring during the implantation process, coupled with the prolonged presence of a foreign device within the body, can set off a series of reactions. These reactions, in turn, can culminate in the onset of foreign body responses, ultimately leading to a loss of functionality and potential implant failure. Damage to surrounding tissue during implantation, combined with the extended presence of foreign devices in the body, can trigger a cascade of events. These events may give rise to foreign body reactions that, in turn, result in the loss of implant functionality and potential implant failure. Historically, different techniques were employed to suppress inflammation and the formation of fibrous encapsulation around implants, with the goal of ensuring their sustained, long-term functionality. Nevertheless, these approaches often addressed only one facet of the problem, leaving the implants susceptible to disruption by other biological phenomena. Thus, there is a need to develop multifunctional biomedical devices comprising of different biomaterials which could synergically work and inhibit more than one biological activity. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a multifunctional biomedical implant surface which had anti-coagulation, anti-thrombosis, anticorrosive and anti-material leaching properties. Methodology: A combination of passive and active modifications was proposed which could provide an anti-corrosive and anti-coagulant surface, respectively. First, different surface modifications including electropolishing, graphite coating and micropores formation were carried out and their hemocompatibility, anti-corrosive and anti-material leaching properties were compared and most suitable candidate was selected. Then, biological active modifications were fabricated to inhibit the thrombo-inflammatory cascades through pharmacological active ingredients. Novel ingredients from natural sources were embedded into different polymeric matrixes and their degradation, release kinetics, antioxidative potential and anticoagulation properties were compared and the most suitable candidate was selected. The mechanism of action of shortlisted candidate was predicted through the tools of bioinformatics and presence of pharmacological active ingredients responsible for inhibition of coagulation cascade were confirmed through GC- vi MS analysis. Afterwards, the passive and active modifications were combined, and their synergic effects were evaluated 30cm..

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