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020			_a0812240251 (hardcover)
020			_a9780812240252 (hardcover)
040			_c0
082	0	4	_a712.091767
100	1		_aRuggles, D. Fairchild. _9607
245	1	0	_aIslamic gardens and landscapes / _cD. Fairchild Ruggles.
260			_aUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia : _bUniversity of Pennsylvania Press, _c2008.
300			_a296 p. ; _c26 cm.
490	1		_aPenn studies in landscape architecture.
500			_aIncludes index.
520			_a"In the course of my research," writes D. Fairchild Ruggles, "I devoured Arabic agricultural manuals from the tenth through the fourteenth centuries. I love gardening, and in these texts I was able to enter the minds of agriculturalists and botanists of a thousand years ago who likewise believed it was important and interesting to record all the known ways of propagating olive trees, the various uses of rosemary, and how best to fertilize a garden bed." Western admirers have long seen the Islamic garden as an earthly reflection of the paradise said to await the faithful. However, such simplification, Ruggles contends, denies the sophistication and diversity of the art form. Islamic Gardens and Landscapes immerses the reader in the world of the architects of the great gardens of the Islamic world, from medieval Morocco to contemporary India. Just as Islamic culture is historically dense, sophisticated, and complex, so too is the history of its built landscapes. Islamic gardens began from the practical need to organize the surrounding space of human civilization, tame nature, enhance the earth's yield, and create a legible map on which to distribute natural resources. Ruggles follows the evolution of these early farming efforts to their aristocratic apex in famous formal gardens of the Alhambra in Spain and the Taj Mahal in Agra. Whether in a humble city home or a royal courtyard, the garden has several defining characteristics, which Ruggles discusses. Most notable is an enclosed space divided into four equal parts surrounding a central design element. The traditional Islamic garden is inwardly focused, usually surrounded by buildings or in the form of a courtyard. Water provides a counterpoint to the portioned green sections. Ranging across poetry, court documents, agronomy manuals, and early garden representations, and richly illustrated with pictures and site plans, Islamic Gardens and Landscapes is a book of impressive scope sure to interest scholars and enthusiasts alike.
650	0		_aIslamic gardens _9608
650	0		_aLandscape architecture _xIslamic _9609
650	0		_aLandscape gardening _xislamic _9610
650	0		_aLandscape design _xGardens _9611
830		0	_aPenn studies in landscape architecture. _9612
856	4	0	_3Amazon.com _uhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0812240251/chopaconline-20
942			_aSADA _cBK _k712.091767 RUG 2008 _2ddc
999			_c352350 _d352350